{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604177858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","title":"Energy-Efficient Design of Processing Element for Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Design of Processing Element for Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604177858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","mag":"2604177858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085447028","display_name":"Yeongjae Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-2894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeongjae Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-2894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109358790","display_name":"Dong-Myung Bae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmyung Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013362846","display_name":"Jaehyeong Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8722-8486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyeong Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034558336","display_name":"Seungkyu Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-9707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungkyu Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056791887","display_name":"Minhye Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6293-2000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhye Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052390471","display_name":"Lee\u2010Sup Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee-Sup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89986335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"11","first_page":"1332","last_page":"1336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7907031774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7205349802970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.602583110332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5255638360977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5208576321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5152042508125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4917815029621124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4347078204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4276063144207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4256443977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3402087986469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3079540431499481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24077287316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09764033555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09609577059745789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907031774520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7205349802970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.602583110332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5255638360977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5208576321601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5152042508125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4917815029621124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4347078204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4276063144207001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4256443977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3402087986469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3079540431499481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24077287316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09764033555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09609577059745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2691771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1289444357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2014R1A2A1A05004316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2385568365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010-0028680","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1998917233","https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2290132443","https://openalex.org/W2395566064","https://openalex.org/W2563587242","https://openalex.org/W2572962568","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W4247198796","https://openalex.org/W4299322810","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6711716804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W3120961607","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"(CNN)":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,17,20,70],"most":[6],"prominent":[7],"algorithm":[8],"for":[9,41,65],"its":[10],"wide":[11],"usage":[12],"and":[13,62,84,119,133],"good":[14],"performance.":[15],"Despite":[16],"fact":[18],"that":[19,94],"processing":[21],"element":[22],"(PE)":[23],"plays":[24],"an":[25,50,120],"important":[26],"role":[27],"in":[28,128],"CNN":[29,43],"processing,":[30],"there":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"no":[34],"study":[35],"focusing":[36],"on":[37,109],"PE":[38,52,110],"design":[39,79],"optimized":[40],"state-of-the-art":[42],"algorithms.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46,73],"brief,":[47,74],"we":[48,75,95],"propose":[49],"optimal":[51],"implementation":[53],"including":[54],"a":[55,86],"data":[56,100],"representation":[57],"scheme,":[58],"circuit":[59],"block":[60],"configurations,":[61],"control":[63],"signals":[64],"energy-efficient":[66],"CNN.":[67],"To":[68],"validate":[69],"excellence":[71],"of":[72,99,130],"compared":[76],"our":[77,123],"proposed":[78],"with":[80,103],"several":[81],"previous":[82],"methods,":[83],"fabricated":[85],"silicon":[87],"chip.":[88],"The":[89],"software":[90],"simulation":[91],"results":[92,127],"demonstrated":[93],"can":[96],"reduce":[97],"54%":[98],"bit":[101],"lengths":[102],"negligible":[104],"accuracy":[105],"loss.":[106],"Our":[107],"optimization":[108],"achieves":[111],"to":[112,117],"save":[113],"computing":[114],"power":[115],"up":[116],"47%,":[118],"accelerator":[121],"exploiting":[122],"method":[124],"shows":[125],"superior":[126],"terms":[129],"power,":[131],"area,":[132],"external":[134],"DRAM":[135],"access.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
