{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084671226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","title":"Design of Spur-Free <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"TeX\">$\\Sigma\\Delta$</tex-math></inline-formula> Frequency Tuning Interface for Digitally Controlled Oscillators","display_name":"Design of Spur-Free <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"TeX\">$\\Sigma\\Delta$</tex-math></inline-formula> Frequency Tuning Interface for Digitally Controlled Oscillators","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084671226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","mag":"2084671226"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089997693","display_name":"Jingcheng Zhuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19268510","display_name":"Qualcomm (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04d3djg48","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19268510","https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingcheng Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","[Qualcomm Technologies Inc, San Diego, CA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Qualcomm Technologies Inc, San Diego, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19268510"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108364605","display_name":"Khurram Waheed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","[Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Austin, TX, USA]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","Delft Univ. of Tech., Delft, The Netherlands#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft Univ. of Tech., Delft, The Netherlands#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80511781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.8116012811660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.5538554787635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.4659467935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.4604549705982208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42255163192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4175882935523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37458646297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.35149168968200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34211528301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3398486077785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24884921312332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.22861480712890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15486875176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.8116012811660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.5538554787635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.4659467935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.4604549705982208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42255163192749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4175882935523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37458646297454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.35149168968200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34211528301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3398486077785492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24884921312332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.22861480712890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15486875176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118952169","https://openalex.org/W2018704819","https://openalex.org/W2030258400","https://openalex.org/W2038643681","https://openalex.org/W2041412774","https://openalex.org/W2111253223","https://openalex.org/W2129463322","https://openalex.org/W2134962970","https://openalex.org/W2137159478","https://openalex.org/W2151494083","https://openalex.org/W2151659230","https://openalex.org/W2168398575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389128124","https://openalex.org/W2364812720","https://openalex.org/W2138725603","https://openalex.org/W2368128827","https://openalex.org/W2098358062","https://openalex.org/W2143696453","https://openalex.org/W2025681744","https://openalex.org/W2115832005","https://openalex.org/W1507049060","https://openalex.org/W2242290487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"the":[1,9,35,40,48,72,84,88,99,105,108,113,118,127,131,145],"framework":[2],"of":[3,12,31,39,44,52,54,81,87,107,126,130,139],"a":[4,13,123,137],"radio-frequency":[5],"alldigital":[6],"phase-locked":[7],"loop,":[8],"frequency":[10,37,50,65,96],"tuning":[11],"digitally":[14],"controlled":[15],"oscillator":[16],"(DCO)":[17],"is":[18,67,164],"realized":[19],"using":[20],"switchable":[21],"capacitors":[22],"(varactors).":[23],"The":[24],"minimum":[25],"feature":[26],"size":[27],"and":[28,59,98,101,135,160,167],"lithographic":[29],"mismatch":[30],"these":[32],"varactors":[33],"limit":[34],"physical":[36,100],"resolution":[38,51,75],"DCO":[41,74,132],"to":[42,70,112,141,148],"tens":[43],"kilohertz.":[45],"To":[46],"satisfy":[47],"fine":[49],"hundreds":[53],"hertz":[55],"in":[56,104],"wireless":[57],"cellular":[58],"connectivity":[60],"standards,":[61],"high-speed":[62],"sigma-delta":[63],"(\u03a3\u0394)":[64],"dithering":[66,85,119],"conventionally":[68],"employed":[69],"improve":[71],"time-averaged":[73],"by":[76,169],"at":[77],"least":[78],"two":[79],"orders":[80],"magnitude.":[82],"Unfortunately,":[83],"characteristics":[86],"\u03a3\u0394":[89],"modulator":[90],"vary":[91],"depending":[92],"on":[93],"its":[94],"fractional":[95],"input":[97],"timing":[102,162],"mismatches":[103],"mapping":[106],"multibit":[109],"digital":[110],"output":[111,133],"frequency.":[114],"This":[115],"brief":[116],"investigates":[117],"mechanisms":[120],"that":[121],"are":[122],"potential":[124],"source":[125],"spurious":[128,146],"corruption":[129],"spectrum":[134],"proposes":[136],"set":[138],"enhancements":[140],"mitigate":[142],"them.":[143],"Furthermore,":[144],"sensitivity":[147],"design":[149],"parameters,":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152,155,157],"device":[153],"mismatch,":[154],"well":[156],"rise/fall,":[158],"duty-cycle,":[159],"skew":[161],"mismatches,":[163],"theoretically":[165],"analyzed":[166],"verified":[168],"behavioral":[170],"simulations.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}