{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075172982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","title":"Achieving Ultralow Standby Power With an Efficient SCCMOS Bias Generator","display_name":"Achieving Ultralow Standby Power With an Efficient SCCMOS Bias Generator","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075172982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","mag":"2075172982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040564153","display_name":"Yoonmyung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-1692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yoonmyung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011887658","display_name":"Mingoo Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingoo Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069159726","display_name":"Scott Hanson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Hanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000767141","display_name":"Dennis Sylvester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Sylvester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026311377","display_name":"David Blaauw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Blaauw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040564153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70551533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"12","first_page":"842","last_page":"846"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standby-power","display_name":"Standby power","score":0.9452670812606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gating","display_name":"Power gating","score":0.882320761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5951780080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5112411975860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5030924677848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-gating","display_name":"Clock gating","score":0.47325044870376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.46983975172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-budget","display_name":"Power budget","score":0.4325481057167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41333261132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.41262608766555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4080648124217987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4050189256668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39565420150756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2746163010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.2123010754585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.1915360987186432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18342098593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-mode-power-supply","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","score":0.16966477036476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0648091733455658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06357333064079285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7140552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366402","display_name":"Standby power","level":3,"score":0.9452670812606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236515","display_name":"Power gating","level":4,"score":0.882320761680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5951780080795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5112411975860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5030924677848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22716491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590170","display_name":"Clock gating","level":5,"score":0.47325044870376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.46983975172042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149768029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Power budget","level":4,"score":0.4325481057167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41333261132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41262608766555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4080648124217987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4050189256668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39565420150756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2746163010597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.2123010754585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.1915360987186432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18342098593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151799858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587008","display_name":"Switched-mode power supply","level":3,"score":0.16966477036476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0648091733455658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06357333064079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42196554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186179","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2013.2281919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.663.2999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.663.2999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wims2.org/publications/papers/circuits3.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753784006","https://openalex.org/W1996271793","https://openalex.org/W2002038549","https://openalex.org/W2017216250","https://openalex.org/W2072774679","https://openalex.org/W2076469371","https://openalex.org/W2114621701","https://openalex.org/W2119807774","https://openalex.org/W2136873993","https://openalex.org/W2149521191","https://openalex.org/W6650729477","https://openalex.org/W6680025748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061180121","https://openalex.org/W2546524276","https://openalex.org/W2075172982","https://openalex.org/W2152979262","https://openalex.org/W4226239708","https://openalex.org/W2005728592","https://openalex.org/W4239594101","https://openalex.org/W3127845477","https://openalex.org/W229101532","https://openalex.org/W3013845316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standby":[0],"power":[1,5,10,15,23,31,37,81,108,115],"frequently":[2],"dominates":[3],"the":[4,46,53,77],"budget":[6],"of":[7,38,48,55,80,110,112,117],"battery-operated":[8],"ultralow":[9],"sensor":[11,40],"nodes.":[12],"Reducing":[13],"standby":[14,30,36,107,114],"is":[16,33,43,124],"therefore":[17],"a":[18,85,103],"key":[19],"challenge":[20],"for":[21,29,71,126],"further":[22],"reduction.":[24],"Applying":[25],"known":[26],"circuit":[27],"techniques":[28,93],"reduction":[32,58,116],"challenging":[34],"since":[35],"state-of-the-art":[39],"node":[41],"systems":[42],"now":[44],"on":[45],"order":[47],"nanowatts":[49],"or":[50],"less.":[51],"Hence,":[52],"overhead":[54],"any":[56,62],"leakage":[57],"technique":[59],"quickly":[60],"overshadows":[61],"gains.":[63],"This":[64],"brief":[65],"proposes":[66],"an":[67],"efficient":[68,87],"implementation":[69],"method":[70],"super":[72],"cutoff":[73],"CMOS":[74],"that":[75],"exploits":[76],"unique":[78],"conditions":[79],"gating":[82],"to":[83,96,119],"enable":[84],"highly":[86],"charge":[88],"pump":[89],"design.":[90],"The":[91],"proposed":[92],"are":[94],"applied":[95],"logic":[97,127],"blocks":[98,128],"and":[99,122,129],"memory":[100],"devices.":[101],"For":[102],"very":[104],"low":[105],"initial":[106],"value":[109],"tens":[111],"picowatts,":[113],"up":[118],"19.3":[120],"\u00d7":[121],"29%":[123],"achieved":[125],"memory,":[130],"respectively.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
