{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123782850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","title":"A Buck Converter With Reduced Output Spurs Using Asynchronous Frequency Hopping","display_name":"A Buck Converter With Reduced Output Spurs Using Asynchronous Frequency Hopping","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123782850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","mag":"2123782850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062317970","display_name":"Chengwu Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwu Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062959402","display_name":"Ayman Fayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman A. Fayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79137578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"11","first_page":"709","last_page":"713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.8292642831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-hopping-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Frequency-hopping spread spectrum","score":0.6899398565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5743012428283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5635290145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5219330787658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4850258231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4797826409339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4633304178714752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.44932422041893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.423444539308548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.4182373881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39402082562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39009684324264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3159041404724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29683616757392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27998441457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.2734074592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19782754778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19092783331871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.10253819823265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09020829200744629}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.8292642831802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122962297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136013","display_name":"Frequency-hopping spread spectrum","level":2,"score":0.6899398565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5743012428283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5635290145874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5219330787658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4850258231163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4797826409339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4633304178714752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.44932422041893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.423444539308548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.4182373881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39402082562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39009684324264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3159041404724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29683616757392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27998441457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2734074592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19782754778862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19092783331871033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.10253819823265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09020829200744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2164959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518916928","https://openalex.org/W1589194756","https://openalex.org/W1606075767","https://openalex.org/W1976057570","https://openalex.org/W2051174385","https://openalex.org/W2067849424","https://openalex.org/W2104421175","https://openalex.org/W2125974790","https://openalex.org/W2137373207","https://openalex.org/W2147710109","https://openalex.org/W2149190845","https://openalex.org/W2155454081","https://openalex.org/W4229976411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206590532","https://openalex.org/W2350907591","https://openalex.org/W2964896171","https://openalex.org/W2033038403","https://openalex.org/W2349586015","https://openalex.org/W2364689531","https://openalex.org/W2358106794","https://openalex.org/W2421802518","https://openalex.org/W2183037145","https://openalex.org/W2068377049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"frequency-hopped":[1],"buck":[2],"converter":[3,14],"with":[4,18,102],"reduced":[5],"output":[6,27],"spurs":[7,28],"in":[8,26],"0.35-$\\mu":[9],"\\hbox{m}$CMOS":[10],"is":[11,52,66,91],"presented.":[12],"The":[13,34],"uses":[15],"pulsewidth-modulation":[16],"control":[17],"eight":[19],"switching":[20,71,81],"frequencies":[21,72,82],"to":[22,68],"achieve":[23],"13.2-dB":[24],"reduction":[25],"from":[29],"the":[30,38,41,46,55,69,74,80,88,94,106],"traditional":[31],"single-frequency":[32],"case.":[33],"proposed":[35,95],"implementation":[36],"maintains":[37],"continuity":[39],"of":[40,45,73],"ramp":[42,97],"signal,":[43],"regardless":[44],"frequency":[47],"selected":[48],"or":[49,84],"when":[50],"it":[51],"selected.":[53],"Therefore,":[54],"hopping":[56,89,107],"rate":[57,108],"can":[58],"be":[59],"set":[60],"independently":[61],"using":[62],"a":[63],"clock":[64,90],"that":[65],"asynchronous":[67],"internal":[70],"converter,":[75],"and":[76,87,109],"no":[77],"synchronization":[78],"between":[79,85],"themselves":[83],"them":[86],"necessary.":[92],"Moreover,":[93],"continuous":[96],"signal":[98],"minimizes":[99],"transients":[100],"associated":[101],"hopping,":[103],"hence":[104],"maximizing":[105],"spur":[110],"reduction.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}