{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125218850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","title":"A Subhertz Nanopower Low-Pass Filter","display_name":"A Subhertz Nanopower Low-Pass Filter","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125218850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","mag":"2125218850"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026574215","display_name":"Esther Rodriguez\u2013Villegas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-2044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Rodriguez-Villegas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Circuits and Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Circuits and Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091104655","display_name":"Alexander J. Casson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-1190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J. Casson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Circuits and Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Circuits and Systems Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll., London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112402801","display_name":"Phil Corbishley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162339","display_name":"Nordic Semiconductor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/05akpxs80","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phil Corbishley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway","Nordic Semicond., Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nordic Semicond., Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85816042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"351","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-frequency","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","score":0.713160514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-pass-filter","display_name":"Low-pass filter","score":0.6927142143249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff","display_name":"Cutoff","score":0.6303778886795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6117034554481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-pass-filter","display_name":"High-pass filter","score":0.5261853933334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.5182640552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-filter","display_name":"Analogue filter","score":0.500802755355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4964960217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.471306174993515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4620724320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4356733560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4266113042831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-filter","display_name":"Voltage-controlled filter","score":0.4112711250782013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3814474940299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3573186993598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26275116205215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25571829080581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-filter","display_name":"Digital filter","score":0.1471843123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09930086135864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09616661071777344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6142545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455881","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","level":2,"score":0.713160514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44682112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918242","display_name":"Low-pass filter","level":3,"score":0.6927142143249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977","display_name":"Cutoff","level":2,"score":0.6303778886795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6117034554481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156137958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262754","display_name":"High-pass filter","level":4,"score":0.5261853933334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.5182640552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176046018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359205","display_name":"Analogue filter","level":4,"score":0.500802755355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4964960217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.471306174993515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4620724320411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4356733560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4266113042831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126955663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638353","display_name":"Voltage-controlled filter","level":5,"score":0.4112711250782013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3814474940299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3573186993598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26275116205215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25571829080581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36390408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163067","display_name":"Digital filter","level":3,"score":0.1471843123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09930086135864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09616661071777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2011.2158165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/5ce74f0a-90e9-4148-b24f-5e8cff66e530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/5ce74f0a-90e9-4148-b24f-5e8cff66e530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rodriguez-Villegas, E, Casson, A J & Corbishley, P 2011, 'A subhertz nanopower low-pass filter', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Part 2: Express Briefs, vol. 58, no. 6, 5930351, pp. 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2011.2158165","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/8986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"355","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579138664","https://openalex.org/W1602557324","https://openalex.org/W1941578700","https://openalex.org/W1968239505","https://openalex.org/W2014617689","https://openalex.org/W2032268434","https://openalex.org/W2034658062","https://openalex.org/W2054571030","https://openalex.org/W2067728058","https://openalex.org/W2096987478","https://openalex.org/W2107106727","https://openalex.org/W2115856895","https://openalex.org/W2135513236","https://openalex.org/W2135517513","https://openalex.org/W2143738046","https://openalex.org/W2152323008","https://openalex.org/W2153232339","https://openalex.org/W2154071097","https://openalex.org/W2158850733","https://openalex.org/W2168960249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105642078","https://openalex.org/W2322850616","https://openalex.org/W2058872584","https://openalex.org/W3158277807","https://openalex.org/W2132366346","https://openalex.org/W2119440994","https://openalex.org/W2494267175","https://openalex.org/W4313546953","https://openalex.org/W3049237463","https://openalex.org/W2797407139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,47,58,67,78,82,91],"first-order":[4],"low-pass":[5],"filter":[6,51,105],"topology":[7],"capable":[8],"of":[9,20,57,97],"providing":[10],"cutoff":[11,101],"frequencies":[12],"down":[13],"to":[14],"2":[15],"mHz":[16],"with":[17,34,81],"power":[18,98],"consumption":[19,99],"5":[21],"nW.":[22],"The":[23,73],"circuit":[24,74],"is":[25,52,75],"intended":[26],"for":[27,32],"signal":[28],"conditioning":[29],"applications,":[30],"particularly":[31],"use":[33,56],"very":[35],"low":[36,63],"frequency":[37,102],"physiological":[38],"signals":[39],"in":[40,77],"low-power":[41],"portable":[42],"medical":[43],"equipment.":[44],"To":[45],"achieve":[46],"low-frequency":[48],"cutoff,":[49],"the":[50,55,103,110],"based":[53],"around":[54],"clocked":[59],"transconductor,":[60],"which":[61],"provides":[62],"transconductance":[64],"while":[65],"using":[66],"relatively":[68],"high":[69],"bias":[70],"current":[71],"level.":[72],"implemented":[76],"0.35-\u03bcm":[79],"technology":[80],"1-V":[83],"supply":[84],"and":[85,90,100],"has":[86],"32-":[87],"\u03bcVRMSmeasured":[88],"noise":[89],"64-dB":[92],"dynamic":[93],"range.":[94],"In":[95],"terms":[96],"reported":[104],"outperforms":[106],"previous":[107],"filters":[108],"from":[109],"literature.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}