{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116882810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","title":"Feedback Biasing in Nanoscale CMOS Technologies","display_name":"Feedback Biasing in Nanoscale CMOS Technologies","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116882810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","mag":"2116882810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111569861","display_name":"T. Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108510887","display_name":"T. Saether","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Saether","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055804223","display_name":"Trond Ytterdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ytterdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Trondheim","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111569861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78849708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"5","first_page":"349","last_page":"353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.8307698965072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6793158054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6627504229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.49778294563293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.48424312472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44510504603385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42776015400886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3761998414993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3727094531059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2887255549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2139456570148468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.8307698965072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6793158054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6627504229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.49778294563293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48424312472343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44510504603385925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42776015400886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3761998414993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3727094531059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2887255549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2139456570148468}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2009.2019162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63678922","https://openalex.org/W1604751419","https://openalex.org/W1929041301","https://openalex.org/W1975311077","https://openalex.org/W2083086493","https://openalex.org/W2084936662","https://openalex.org/W2105610757","https://openalex.org/W2159318368","https://openalex.org/W2165594446","https://openalex.org/W2167034725","https://openalex.org/W2172236250","https://openalex.org/W2616454594","https://openalex.org/W3203011645","https://openalex.org/W6671497374"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069427488","https://openalex.org/W4281694563","https://openalex.org/W2080696413","https://openalex.org/W1506140395","https://openalex.org/W4309675538","https://openalex.org/W2123889547","https://openalex.org/W4294672479","https://openalex.org/W2281911854","https://openalex.org/W4200624613","https://openalex.org/W3216209837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<para":[0],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[2],"This":[3],"work":[4],"rediscovers":[5],"the":[6,44,48,55,111,125,161],"attractiveness":[7],"of":[8,34,47,57,69,132,141,154],"feedback":[9,75,91],"biasing":[10,35,60,76,92],"when":[11],"applied":[12],"to":[13,189],"circuits":[14],"designed":[15],"in":[16,54,62,79,86,183],"nanoscale":[17,49],"CMOS":[18,50,185],"technologies.":[19],"It":[20],"is":[21,93],"shown":[22],"that":[23,36,102,124],"very":[24,117],"compact":[25],"amplifiers":[26,73,113,180],"can":[27],"be":[28,190],"obtained":[29],"by":[30],"utilizing":[31,74],"a":[32,116,129,150,175],"type":[33],"imposes":[37],"minimal":[38],"area":[39],"overhead.":[40],"We":[41],"discuss":[42],"how":[43],"undesired":[45],"features":[46],"technologies":[51],"actually":[52],"help":[53],"revival":[56],"this":[58,87],"simple":[59],"method":[61],"newer":[63],"technology":[64,186],"generations.":[65],"The":[66,89,179],"measurement":[67],"results":[68],"prototyped":[70],"common-source":[71],"(CS)":[72],"for":[77,96,110],"application":[78],"medical":[80],"ultrasound":[81],"imaging":[82],"systems":[83],"are":[84],"presented":[85],"brief.":[88],"proposed":[90,126],"also":[94],"suitable":[95],"amplifying":[97],"signals":[98],"from":[99,174],"high-impedance":[100],"sources":[101],"pose":[103],"challenges":[104],"on":[105],"maintaining":[106,115],"high":[107],"input":[108,119],"impedance":[109],"voltage":[112,130],"while":[114,167],"low":[118],"capacitance":[120],"value.":[121],"Measurements":[122],"show":[123],"amplifier":[127],"achieves":[128],"gain":[131],"28":[133],"dB,":[134,159],"an":[135],"output":[136,163],"noise":[137],"power":[138,177],"spectral":[139],"density":[140],"0.11":[142],"<formula":[143,155,170,192],"formulatype=\"inline\"><tex":[144,193],"Notation=\"TeX\">$(\\mu\\hbox{V})^{2}/":[145],"\\hbox{Hz}$</tex></formula>":[146],"at":[147,164],"center-frequency,":[148],"and":[149,187],"total":[151],"harmonic":[152],"distortion":[153],"formulatype=\"inline\">":[156,171],"<tex":[157,172],"Notation=\"TeX\">$-$</tex></formula>30":[158],"with":[160],"full-scale":[162],"30":[165],"MHz,":[166],"drawing":[168],"120":[169],"Notation=\"TeX\">$\\mu\\hbox{A}$</tex></formula>":[173],"1-V":[176],"supply.":[178],"were":[181],"fabricated":[182],"90-nm":[184],"measured":[188],"just":[191],"Notation=\"TeX\">$20\\":[194],"\\mu\\hbox{m}":[195],"\\times":[196],"10\\":[197],"\\mu\\hbox{m}$</tex></formula>.":[198],"</para>":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
