{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100869429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","title":"Analysis of the Spur Characteristics of Edge-Combining DLL-Based Frequency Multipliers","display_name":"Analysis of the Spur Characteristics of Edge-Combining DLL-Based Frequency Multipliers","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100869429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","mag":"2100869429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044810941","display_name":"Owen Casha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-5609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"O. Casha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033957295","display_name":"Ivan Grech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-0015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Grech","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031744532","display_name":"Franck Badets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131827901","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wm3b005","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["CH","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Badets","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Grenoble, France","STMicroelectronics, GRENOBLE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, GRENOBLE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131827901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009540872","display_name":"Dominique Morche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150049","display_name":"Laboratoire d'\u00c9lectronique des Technologies de l'Information","ror":"https://ror.org/04mf0wv34","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210117989","https://openalex.org/I4210150049"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Morche","raw_affiliation_strings":["I Innovation au Service de I Industrie CEA LETI, Commissariat \u00e0 \u013eEnergie Atomique, Grenoble, France","Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-l'Innovation au Service de l'Ind. (CEA-LETI), Grenoble"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I Innovation au Service de I Industrie CEA LETI, Commissariat \u00e0 \u013eEnergie Atomique, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210150049","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-l'Innovation au Service de l'Ind. (CEA-LETI), Grenoble","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210150049","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110698610","display_name":"Joseph Micallef","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Micallef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Faculty of Information and Communications Technology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Microelectron. & Nanoelectron., Univ. of Malta, Msida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044810941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85801798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spur","display_name":"Spur","score":0.8142205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.7425429821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-locked-loop","display_name":"Delay-locked loop","score":0.6747308373451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.5936794281005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5767310261726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.5423144102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-calculation","display_name":"Delay calculation","score":0.540132999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5295853018760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45727232098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4320053458213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4224976599216461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35542744398117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.281396746635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.26114872097969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.21475687623023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15892884135246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1148291826248169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7581537","display_name":"Spur","level":2,"score":0.8142205476760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.7425429821014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190462668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492265","display_name":"Delay-locked loop","level":4,"score":0.6747308373451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5936794281005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5767310261726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.5423144102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174086752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253471","display_name":"Delay calculation","level":3,"score":0.540132999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5295853018760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45727232098579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4320053458213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4224976599216461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35542744398117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.281396746635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.26114872097969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.21475687623023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15892884135246277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1148291826248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.2011605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969278343","https://openalex.org/W2094952437","https://openalex.org/W2134899771","https://openalex.org/W2139110107","https://openalex.org/W2143232235","https://openalex.org/W2143743532","https://openalex.org/W2156456006","https://openalex.org/W2160288343","https://openalex.org/W2169190898","https://openalex.org/W2536505949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2558486654","https://openalex.org/W2112616971","https://openalex.org/W2046380167","https://openalex.org/W801590478","https://openalex.org/W2158959564","https://openalex.org/W3216608670","https://openalex.org/W2561397629","https://openalex.org/W2505815995","https://openalex.org/W2996561638","https://openalex.org/W2106578922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"complete":[1],"analysis":[2,23],"of":[3,7,21,36,49,84],"the":[4,25,34,38,42,46,50,63,66,70,82],"spur":[5],"characteristics":[6],"edge-combining":[8],"delay-locked":[9],"loop":[10],"(DLL)-based":[11],"frequency":[12,51],"multipliers":[13],"is":[14,24,73],"presented":[15],"in":[16,69,88],"this":[17,22],"brief.":[18],"The":[19],"novelty":[20],"fact":[26],"that":[27],"it":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"used":[31],"to":[32,61],"estimate":[33],"effect":[35],"both":[37],"in-lock":[39],"error":[40],"and":[41,79],"delay-stage":[43],"mismatch":[44,64],"on":[45],"spurious":[47],"level":[48],"multiplier":[52],"with":[53],"low":[54],"computational":[55],"complexity.":[56],"In":[57],"addition,":[58],"a":[59,85,89],"way":[60],"reduce":[62],"between":[65],"delay":[67,71,86],"cells":[68],"line":[72],"discussed":[74],"via":[75],"an":[76],"analytic":[77],"model":[78],"verified":[80],"by":[81],"implementation":[83],"cell":[87],"65-nm":[90],"CMOS":[91],"process.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}