{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117647775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645","title":"DF-PUF: A Dual-Function Programmable Entropy Source for Secure Authentication and Memory Reuse in ASICs","display_name":"DF-PUF: A Dual-Function Programmable Entropy Source for Secure Authentication and Memory Reuse in ASICs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117647775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029338405","display_name":"Peyman Dehghanzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-4370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Dehghanzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-4370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039890044","display_name":"Baibhab Chatterjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baibhab Chatterjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-281X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036548792","display_name":"Soumyajit Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-2337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumyajit Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brookhaven National Laboratory, Instrumentation Department, Upton, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9070-2337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookhaven National Laboratory, Instrumentation Department, Upton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039442844","display_name":"Swarup Bhunia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-6961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarup Bhunia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62989324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"5","first_page":"3518","last_page":"3531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6376000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.3594000041484833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6376000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3817000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203864433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426992","display_name":"FPGA prototype","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3644645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044389004","https://openalex.org/W2047942632","https://openalex.org/W2057519660","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2304716896","https://openalex.org/W2517606133","https://openalex.org/W2581828429","https://openalex.org/W2589001785","https://openalex.org/W2744073901","https://openalex.org/W2749093550","https://openalex.org/W2782879513","https://openalex.org/W2800017856","https://openalex.org/W2805083071","https://openalex.org/W2891953071","https://openalex.org/W2905247011","https://openalex.org/W2931380630","https://openalex.org/W2936425443","https://openalex.org/W2940545572","https://openalex.org/W2971355241","https://openalex.org/W2997932026","https://openalex.org/W3033257916","https://openalex.org/W3047382185","https://openalex.org/W3083277790","https://openalex.org/W3092366733","https://openalex.org/W3112473000","https://openalex.org/W3158373903","https://openalex.org/W4205897188","https://openalex.org/W4313350258","https://openalex.org/W4385196433","https://openalex.org/W4388820669","https://openalex.org/W4389609802","https://openalex.org/W4391326581","https://openalex.org/W4393371709"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"unclonable":[1],"functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"are":[4,110,119],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7,37,52,65,131],"hardware":[8,56],"security,":[9],"yet":[10],"conventional":[11],"designs":[12],"often":[13],"suffer":[14],"from":[15],"considerable":[16],"design":[17,92],"overhead,":[18,123],"limited":[19],"placement":[20],"flexibility,":[21],"and":[22,39,128,140,155],"susceptibility":[23],"to":[24,48],"environmental":[25,104],"noise.":[26],"This":[27],"work":[28],"presents":[29],"DF-PUF,":[30],"a":[31,73,97,126],"dual-function,":[32],"programmable":[33],"entropy":[34],"source":[35],"tailored":[36],"secure":[38,132],"resource-efficient":[40],"ASIC":[41],"integration.":[42],"DF-PUF":[43,95,125],"leverages":[44],"die-level":[45],"process":[46,115],"variations":[47],"generate":[49],"device-unique":[50],"responses":[51],"authentication,":[53],"while":[54],"its":[55],"resources":[57],"can":[58],"be":[59],"dynamically":[60],"repurposed":[61],"as":[62,72],"memory":[63],"elements":[64],"local":[66],"data":[67],"storage":[68],"when":[69],"not":[70],"operating":[71],"PUF,":[74],"thereby":[75],"enhancing":[76],"area":[77],"efficiency.":[78],"The":[79],"architecture":[80],"supports":[81],"flexible":[82],"deployment":[83],"across":[84],"the":[85,149],"chip":[86],"layout,":[87],"facilitating":[88],"integration":[89],"in":[90],"diverse":[91],"scenarios.":[93],"Additionally,":[94],"incorporates":[96],"noise-resilient":[98],"response":[99],"conditioning":[100],"mechanism":[101],"that":[102,107],"mitigates":[103],"fluctuations,":[105],"ensuring":[106],"output":[108],"characteristics":[109],"predominantly":[111],"determined":[112],"by":[113],"intrinsic":[114],"variations.":[116],"These":[117],"capabilities":[118],"achieved":[120],"with":[121],"minimal":[122],"making":[124],"practical":[127],"scalable":[129],"solution":[130],"embedded":[133],"systems.":[134],"Comprehensive":[135],"evaluation":[136],"through":[137],"circuit-level":[138],"simulations":[139],"silicon":[141],"measurements":[142],"on":[143],"65nm":[144],"CMOS":[145],"test":[146],"chips":[147],"demonstrates":[148],"proposed":[150],"design\u2019s":[151],"superior":[152],"uniqueness,":[153],"randomness,":[154],"robustness.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-31T00:00:00"}