{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415820617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570","title":"Low Redundancy Fourth-Order Loose Complementary Coprime Array and FPGA Implementation","display_name":"Low Redundancy Fourth-Order Loose Complementary Coprime Array and FPGA Implementation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415820617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009671522","display_name":"Zhe Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-196X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-196X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120235470","display_name":"Dongsheng Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0731-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0731-692X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387063","display_name":"Jianzhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-4064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianzhong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-4064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050076555","display_name":"Shuting Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuting Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2842-6439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35305411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"4","first_page":"2635","last_page":"2646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprime-integers","display_name":"Coprime integers","score":0.7218999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-data-structure","display_name":"Array data structure","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-array","display_name":"Sparse array","score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23230895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104752","display_name":"Coprime integers","level":2,"score":0.7218999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146064661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186152","display_name":"Array data structure","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3626570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6452501698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fourth-order":[0],"cumulants":[1],"(FOC)":[2],"is":[3,50,64,110,174],"well":[4],"known":[5],"for":[6,40,140],"direction":[7],"of":[8,17,34,56,76],"arrivals":[9],"(DOA)":[10],"estimation":[11,166],"due":[12],"to":[13,80,97,151],"the":[14,108,120],"high":[15,114,160],"degrees":[16],"freedom":[18],"(DOF),":[19],"especially":[20],"when":[21],"combined":[22],"with":[23,95],"a":[24,32,41,67,88],"sparse":[25,36],"array.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30],"provide":[31],"set":[33],"FOC":[35],"array":[37,54,82,154],"design":[38],"strategies":[39],"real-time":[42],"mutual":[43],"coupling":[44],"(MC)":[45],"hardware":[46,141],"system.":[47],"Data":[48],"repetition":[49],"reduced":[51],"by":[52,92],"decreasing":[53],"redundancy":[55,89],"fourth-order":[57,60],"coarray.":[58],"The":[59,84,99,116,127,156],"difference":[61,70],"coarray":[62,71],"problem":[63],"decomposed":[65],"into":[66],"two-level":[68],"second-order":[69],"optimization":[72],"problem.":[73],"Three":[74],"types":[75],"structures":[77],"are":[78,133],"proposed":[79,157],"reduce":[81],"redundancy.":[83],"first":[85],"structure":[86,101,118],"provides":[87,137],"reduction":[90],"framework":[91],"removing":[93],"antennas":[94,106,146],"respect":[96],"parity.":[98],"second":[100],"can":[102,147],"save":[103],"more":[104],"physical":[105],"while":[107,167],"DOF":[109,121],"still":[111],"maintained":[112],"at":[113],"level.":[115],"third":[117],"extends":[119],"using":[122],"complementary":[123],"element":[124],"shifting":[125],"strategy.":[126],"redundant":[128],"data":[129],"size":[130],"and":[131,162],"MC":[132],"substantially":[134],"reduced,":[135],"which":[136],"extra":[138],"benefits":[139],"implementation.":[142],"More":[143],"than":[144],"50%":[145],"be":[148],"saved":[149],"compared":[150],"generalized":[152],"coprime":[153],"(GCA).":[155],"approach":[158],"enables":[159],"accuracy":[161],"low":[163],"latency":[164],"DOA":[165],"Field":[168],"Programmable":[169],"Gate":[170],"Array":[171],"(FPGA)":[172],"resource":[173],"limited.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}