{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7087000475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034","title":"A Low-Power 8\u00d78 SiPM Readout ASIC With Row-Column Summing Structure for Compact TOF-PET Detectors","display_name":"A Low-Power 8\u00d78 SiPM Readout ASIC With Row-Column Summing Structure for Compact TOF-PET Detectors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7087000475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinchi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-4295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinchi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yonggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4204-0073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6182-9359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huandong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2220-3452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huandong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yonghang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5873-4187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhengqi Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-9434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengqi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Modern Physics, State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55456846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"961","last_page":"971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.7267000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.7267000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photomultiplier","display_name":"Silicon photomultiplier","score":0.9217000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyso","display_name":"Lyso-","score":0.8652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-dynamic-range","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","score":0.3822999894618988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104335537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085747","display_name":"Silicon photomultiplier","level":4,"score":0.9217000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780330291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6710262","display_name":"Lyso-","level":4,"score":0.8652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7998640","display_name":"Wide dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113879476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61897384","display_name":"Photomultiplier","level":3,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108649604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065170","display_name":"Full width at half maximum","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183680338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736634","display_name":"Particle detector","level":3,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780832482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068054","display_name":"Nuclear electronics","level":3,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C379707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2328303","display_name":"Analog signal processing","level":4,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3617034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6689925789833069}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4443011945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11735013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026677429","https://openalex.org/W2026759589","https://openalex.org/W2053586489","https://openalex.org/W2081343369","https://openalex.org/W2113474551","https://openalex.org/W2117356726","https://openalex.org/W2158387186","https://openalex.org/W2170520519","https://openalex.org/W2287112845","https://openalex.org/W2292113308","https://openalex.org/W2292649555","https://openalex.org/W2316530841","https://openalex.org/W2588663948","https://openalex.org/W2753663502","https://openalex.org/W2760029687","https://openalex.org/W2765589497","https://openalex.org/W2782821369","https://openalex.org/W2888185115","https://openalex.org/W2900483428","https://openalex.org/W2909373593","https://openalex.org/W2942692760","https://openalex.org/W2955101894","https://openalex.org/W3031498369","https://openalex.org/W3037585404","https://openalex.org/W3090453563","https://openalex.org/W3206336448","https://openalex.org/W3212062667","https://openalex.org/W4200317547","https://openalex.org/W4238379445","https://openalex.org/W4298149593","https://openalex.org/W4306709922","https://openalex.org/W4323355054","https://openalex.org/W4386898335","https://openalex.org/W4396754376","https://openalex.org/W4396941485","https://openalex.org/W4399665720","https://openalex.org/W4401358479","https://openalex.org/W4401879315","https://openalex.org/W4402833712","https://openalex.org/W4404179630","https://openalex.org/W4407399073"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"low-power":[2],"64-channel":[3],"Front-End":[4],"application-specific":[5],"integrated":[6],"circuit":[7,73],"(ASIC)":[8],"for":[9,32,108,255],"the":[10,49,61,76,184,233,256],"readout":[11,99],"of":[12,63,128,136,142,151,193,201,235,242,259],"<inline-formula":[13,156,171,209,222],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[14,157,172,210,223],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[15,158,173,211,224],"<tex-math":[16,159,174,212,225],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$8\\times":[17,160,175,213],"8$</tex-math>":[18,161,176,214],"</inline-formula>":[19,162,177,215,228],"Silicon":[20],"photomultiplier":[21],"(SiPM)":[22],"Arrays":[23],"(FESA)":[24],"with":[25,83,123,207],"a":[26,35,96,103,131,139,188,221,239,252],"row-column":[27,57],"summing":[28],"structure":[29],"is":[30,81,111,251],"proposed":[31,82],"flexibly":[33],"building":[34],"compact":[36],"and":[37,56,66,86,105,147,197,261],"cost-effective":[38],"time-of-flight":[39],"(TOF)":[40],"positron":[41],"emission":[42],"tomography":[43],"(PET)":[44],"system.":[45],"The":[46,203,245],"inputs":[47],"from":[48],"SiPM":[50,165,216],"array":[51,166,217,231],"are":[52],"picked":[53],"up":[54],"individually":[55],"summed":[58],"to":[59,94,169,220,237],"reduce":[60],"number":[62],"measurement":[64,89,134],"circuits":[65],"overall":[67],"power":[68,140],"consumption.":[69],"An":[70],"energy-to-time":[71],"conversion":[72],"based":[74],"on":[75],"delayed":[77],"linear":[78],"discharge":[79],"method":[80],"high":[84],"linearity":[85],"enhanced":[87],"small-signal":[88],"ability,":[90],"which":[91],"allows":[92],"FESA":[93,119,236,250],"use":[95],"fully":[97],"time-based":[98],"strategy":[100],"so":[101],"that":[102,249],"simple":[104],"robust":[106],"interface":[107],"system-level":[109],"integration":[110],"provided.":[112],"Fabricated":[113],"in":[114],"180":[115],"nm":[116],"CMOS":[117],"technology,":[118],"has":[120],"been":[121],"evaluated":[122],"an":[124,148,155,170,198,208],"intrinsic":[125],"timing":[126],"jitter":[127],"11.8":[129],"ps,":[130],"dynamic":[132],"energy":[133,199],"range":[135],"44":[137],"dB,":[138],"consumption":[141],"2.39":[143],"mW":[144],"per":[145],"channel,":[146],"event":[149],"rate":[150],"4":[152],"MS/s.":[153],"With":[154],"Hamamatsu":[163],"S13361-3050":[164],"1:1":[167],"coupled":[168,219],"lutetium":[178],"yttrium":[179],"oxyorthosilicate":[180],"(LYSO)":[181],"crystal":[182,230,240],"array,":[183],"FESA-based":[185],"detector":[186],"exhibits":[187],"coincidence":[189],"time":[190],"resolution":[191,200],"(CTR)":[192],"237":[194],"ps":[195],"FWHM":[196],"12.6%.":[202],"measured":[204],"flood":[205],"image":[206],"1:9":[218],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$24\\times":[226],"24$</tex-math>":[227],"LYSO":[229],"demonstrates":[232],"ability":[234],"decode":[238],"size":[241],"1":[243],"mm.":[244],"test":[246],"results":[247],"show":[248],"promising":[253],"candidate":[254],"future":[257],"construction":[258],"high-performance":[260],"high-integration":[262],"TOF-PET":[263],"systems.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}