{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414693366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975","title":"LogSumExp: Efficient Approximate Logarithm Acceleration for Embedded Tractable Probabilistic Reasoning","display_name":"LogSumExp: Efficient Approximate Logarithm Acceleration for Embedded Tractable Probabilistic Reasoning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414693366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/650dc612-2917-4319-9de2-cc9a58d2f653","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101361135","display_name":"Lingyun Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-7826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-7826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090482289","display_name":"Shirui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, MICAS, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-0578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, MICAS, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060407332","display_name":"Martin Trapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-3381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Trapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-3381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098821242","display_name":"Jelin Leslin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-6192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelin Leslin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-6192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012150553","display_name":"Marian Verhelst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Verhelst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, MICAS, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, MICAS, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087728544","display_name":"Martin Andraud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-1054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Andraud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-1054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10031622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"1944","last_page":"1955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-underflow","display_name":"Arithmetic underflow","score":0.8648999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.39469999074935913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3265923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669129","display_name":"Arithmetic underflow","level":2,"score":0.8648999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6366999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176321772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430640","display_name":"Numerical stability","level":3,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191252586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671453","display_name":"Interval arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3613975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/776928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/776928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Circuits And Systems I-Regular Papers, vol. 73 (3), (1944-1955)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/142792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/650dc612-2917-4319-9de2-cc9a58d2f653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:307203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/307203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, , p. 1-12 (2025)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/142792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/650dc612-2917-4319-9de2-cc9a58d2f653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1289591649","display_name":"Exploiting Probabilistic Circuits for Stochastic Processes and Deep Learning","funder_award_id":"347279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2207618970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"347279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probabilistic":[0],"models":[1,243],"(PMs)":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"an":[5,129,141,153,233],"alternative":[6],"to":[7,50,77,122,257],"complement":[8],"or":[9],"replace":[10],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"in":[13,110,197,218],"applications":[14],"where":[15],"transparency":[16],"and":[17,79,100,119,182],"trustworthiness":[18],"are":[19],"crucial.":[20],"As":[21,37],"PMs":[22,92],"compute":[23,123],"explicit":[24],"high-resolution":[25,51],"probabilities,":[26],"ensuring":[27,149],"numerical":[28,98,150],"stability":[29,99,151],"legitimates":[30],"the":[31,59,88,105,174,245,251],"need":[32],"for":[33,72,81,136,145,213,237,247,263],"logarithmic":[34],"(log)":[35],"computing.":[36],"exact":[38],"log":[39,73,85,118,124,138,146],"computation":[40,53],"on":[41,64,203],"hardware":[42,47,71,95,178],"is":[43,75],"typically":[44],"costly,":[45],"existing":[46,111],"accelerators":[48],"stick":[49],"linear":[52,70,120],"with,e.g.,":[54],"floating":[55,187],"point":[56],"(FP).":[57],"From":[58],"perspective":[60],"of":[61,91,185,240,250,259],"efficient":[62,137],"execution":[63],"edge":[65],"devices,":[66],"using":[67,157,168,189,244],"such":[68,83],"generic":[69],"operations":[74,82],"prone":[76],"underflow":[78,211],"ill-suited":[80],"as":[84],"addition.":[86],"Hence,":[87],"log-domain":[89],"computing":[90,254],"requires":[93],"new":[94],"solutions,":[96],"combining":[97],"energy-efficient":[101],"execution.":[102],"Inspired":[103],"by":[104],"Log-Sum-Exp":[106],"(LSE)":[107],"function":[108],"used":[109],"PM":[112,205],"software":[113],"tools":[114],"transferring":[115],"data":[116],"between":[117],"domains":[121],"additions,":[125],"this":[126],"work":[127],"proposes":[128],"LSE":[130],"Processing":[131],"Element":[132],"(LSE-PE).":[133],"LSE-PE":[134,177,209],"allows":[135],"computation,":[139],"through":[140],"innovative":[142],"double":[143],"approximation":[144],"addition,":[147],"while":[148],"with":[152,194,224],"error":[154,160],"compensation":[155],"method":[156],"a":[158,169,248],"compact":[159],"correction":[161],"Look-Up":[162],"Table":[163],"(CLUT).":[164],"Hardware":[165],"synthesis":[166],"results":[167],"16nm":[170],"technology":[171],"show":[172,207],"that":[173,208],"proposed":[175],"24-bit":[176],"consumes":[179],"46%":[180],"area":[181],"32%":[183],"power":[184],"32-bit":[186,221],"point,":[188],"only":[190],"16":[191],"LUT":[192],"entries":[193],"10":[195],"bits":[196],"each":[198],"entry.":[199],"Moreover,":[200],"our":[201],"experiments":[202],"various":[204],"benchmarks":[206],"prevents":[210],"even":[212],"large":[214],"models,":[215],"which":[216],"exist":[217],"all":[219],"other":[220],"number":[222],"systems,":[223],"less":[225],"than":[226],"0.2%":[227],"accuracy":[228],"loss.":[229],"We":[230],"also":[231],"demonstrate":[232],"outlier":[234],"detection":[235],"task":[236],"uncertainty":[238],"estimation":[239],"image":[241],"classification":[242],"LSE-PE,":[246],"fraction":[249],"main":[252],"model\u2019s":[253],"cost":[255],"(0.06":[256],"20%":[258],"representative":[260],"DNN":[261],"architectures":[262],"MNIST).":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}