{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413318837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237","title":"High-Speed Optical Binary Neural Network Accelerator Enabled by Nonvolatile MEMS Phase Shifters for Edge AI Applications","display_name":"High-Speed Optical Binary Neural Network Accelerator Enabled by Nonvolatile MEMS Phase Shifters for Edge AI Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413318837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028425059","display_name":"Yashar Gholami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0268-4984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yashar Gholami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074066860","display_name":"Behnam Saghirzadeh Darki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-3926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Saghirzadeh Darki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Digital Processing and Machine Vision Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Digital Processing and Machine Vision Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030959930","display_name":"Kian Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kian Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT) and the Faculty of Engineering, Universit&#x00E9; de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT) and the Faculty of Engineering, Universit&#x00E9; de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002663856","display_name":"Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-7923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hossein Moaiyeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028425059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12189486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"914","last_page":"921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6469178199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.6417354941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5817233920097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5477724075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5391678214073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.49108076095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4454338848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44438228011131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4365692734718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3391020596027374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2641192078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22453033924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15933948755264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1292506456375122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6469178199768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.6417354941368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5817233920097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5477724075317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5391678214073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.49108076095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4454338848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44438228011131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4365692734718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3391020596027374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2641192078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22453033924102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15933948755264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1292506456375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3598237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2247337557","https://openalex.org/W2913292019","https://openalex.org/W2944763615","https://openalex.org/W2951003171","https://openalex.org/W2976859966","https://openalex.org/W3111675225","https://openalex.org/W3120868136","https://openalex.org/W3159759503","https://openalex.org/W3200864435","https://openalex.org/W3205615004","https://openalex.org/W4210319364","https://openalex.org/W4212936479","https://openalex.org/W4223598101","https://openalex.org/W4285144065","https://openalex.org/W4286906772","https://openalex.org/W4294691633","https://openalex.org/W4296020609","https://openalex.org/W4308480940","https://openalex.org/W4317514676","https://openalex.org/W4327661768","https://openalex.org/W4327858904","https://openalex.org/W4394725346","https://openalex.org/W4402893217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2272290532","https://openalex.org/W2120483398","https://openalex.org/W1530711136","https://openalex.org/W2319192085","https://openalex.org/W1763916368","https://openalex.org/W2391127530","https://openalex.org/W2045074154","https://openalex.org/W2346208161","https://openalex.org/W2974943474","https://openalex.org/W2393343784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,124],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21],"novel":[4],"approach":[5,125],"for":[6,111,142],"implementing":[7],"Binary":[8],"Neural":[9],"Networks":[10],"(BNNs)":[11],"utilizing":[12],"nonvolatile":[13,64],"optical":[14],"phase":[15,18,36,58,93],"shifters.":[16,59],"These":[17],"shifters":[19],"employ":[20],"micro-electromechanical":[22],"system":[23],"(MEMS)":[24],"tuning":[25],"mechanism,":[26],"which":[27],"enables":[28],"the":[29,32,38,44,47,57,63,69,76,86,91,96,99,109],"adjustment":[30],"of":[31,37,46,66,85,98,105],"refractive":[33],"index":[34],"and":[35,121],"propagating":[39,87],"mode.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,106],"approach,":[43],"weights":[45,71],"BNN":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50],"controlled":[51],"by":[52,90],"applying":[53],"electrical":[54,77],"signals":[55],"to":[56,62],"Moreover,":[60],"due":[61],"operation":[65,129],"these":[67],"devices,":[68],"network\u2019s":[70],"remain":[72],"stable":[73],"even":[74],"when":[75],"power":[78,122],"source":[79],"is":[80],"cut":[81],"off.":[82],"The":[83,102],"phases":[84],"modes,":[88],"manipulated":[89],"proposed":[92],"shifters,":[94],"determine":[95],"logic":[97],"photonic":[100],"circuit.":[101],"in-memory":[103],"design":[104],"device":[107],"eliminates":[108],"need":[110],"network":[112],"register":[113],"banks,":[114],"thereby":[115],"significantly":[116],"reducing":[117],"resource":[118],"usage,":[119],"footprint,":[120],"consumption.":[123],"offers":[126],"much":[127],"faster":[128],"than":[130],"other":[131],"technologies,":[132],"such":[133],"as":[134],"CMOS":[135],"or":[136],"spintronics,":[137],"making":[138],"it":[139],"particularly":[140],"appealing":[141],"edge":[143],"artificial":[144],"intelligence":[145],"applications.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-02T03:55:41.653505","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
