{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413468170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029","title":"A 3D Waveguide Filtering Power Amplifier Characterized by Coupling Matrix With Harmonics Control Network","display_name":"A 3D Waveguide Filtering Power Amplifier Characterized by Coupling Matrix With Harmonics Control Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413468170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076706630","display_name":"Yang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-1618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of EM Information, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-1618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of EM Information, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031584929","display_name":"Yang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-6419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-6419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103100877","display_name":"Ma Weiming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9926-6536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x27;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9926-6536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Antennas and Microwave Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x27;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064421756","display_name":"Yanyan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137766","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/03xg85719","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137766"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-9071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053341136","display_name":"Pengcheng Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-4921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096908","display_name":"Fujian Star-net (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vn8k536","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096908"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Starway Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Starway Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077382023","display_name":"Ming Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-2347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of EM Information, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-2347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of EM Information, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13189795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"140","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.6802153587341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5999597311019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.5269309282302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.4712831377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45999041199684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4482458233833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.433799684047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.387384295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36477601528167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.343707799911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32162851095199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2575604319572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1835721731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17643964290618896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.6802153587341309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5999597311019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5269309282302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.4712831377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45999041199684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4482458233833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.433799684047699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.387384295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36477601528167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.343707799911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32162851095199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2575604319572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1835721731185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17643964290618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3592029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3490901880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62105294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7382202696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024B0101020003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058250076","https://openalex.org/W2079550442","https://openalex.org/W2104183221","https://openalex.org/W2107373933","https://openalex.org/W2113346827","https://openalex.org/W2139508869","https://openalex.org/W2142525747","https://openalex.org/W2288916518","https://openalex.org/W2465968022","https://openalex.org/W2514513344","https://openalex.org/W2521363240","https://openalex.org/W2589042619","https://openalex.org/W2739118493","https://openalex.org/W2774464923","https://openalex.org/W2894788757","https://openalex.org/W2942951731","https://openalex.org/W2989650839","https://openalex.org/W2991104809","https://openalex.org/W2997125029","https://openalex.org/W3022612014","https://openalex.org/W3036646296","https://openalex.org/W3084659283","https://openalex.org/W3092494625","https://openalex.org/W3110576951","https://openalex.org/W3131157050","https://openalex.org/W3145398884","https://openalex.org/W3155053675","https://openalex.org/W3193944345","https://openalex.org/W3201111708","https://openalex.org/W3211419071","https://openalex.org/W3211876018","https://openalex.org/W4235270069","https://openalex.org/W4240797762","https://openalex.org/W4251952142","https://openalex.org/W4283391440","https://openalex.org/W4289537175","https://openalex.org/W4299689903","https://openalex.org/W4310612244","https://openalex.org/W4313181214","https://openalex.org/W4322704146","https://openalex.org/W4361741903","https://openalex.org/W4380679928","https://openalex.org/W4385756677","https://openalex.org/W4387449058","https://openalex.org/W4392449836","https://openalex.org/W4392543439","https://openalex.org/W4396817344","https://openalex.org/W4399923934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2039242888","https://openalex.org/W2370517014","https://openalex.org/W2515867587","https://openalex.org/W1838021708","https://openalex.org/W4381164410","https://openalex.org/W2013383991","https://openalex.org/W2125435239","https://openalex.org/W2350215056","https://openalex.org/W2069025645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"three-dimensional":[1],"(3D)":[2],"integrated":[3,173],"waveguide":[4,92,222],"filtering":[5,33,63],"power":[6,191,200],"amplifier":[7],"(PA)":[8],"is":[9,28,148,163,183,224],"introduced":[10,39],"in":[11,102,215],"this":[12,123],"paper.":[13],"An":[14],"augmented${N}":[15],"+4$coupling":[16],"matrix":[17,47],"that":[18],"incorporates":[19],"the":[20,26,32,38,42,52,55,66,87,119,141,167,189,196,213],"harmonic":[21,77,96],"control":[22],"(HC)":[23],"network":[24],"and":[25,45,89,105,113,131,155,195,217,230],"transistor":[27],"synthesized":[29],"to":[30,37,186],"characterize":[31],"PA":[34,56],"circuits.":[35,139],"Due":[36],"HC":[40,138],"node,":[41],"characteristic":[43],"polynomials":[44],"coupling":[46,53,120],"are":[48,203],"resynthesized.":[49],"By":[50],"leveraging":[51],"matrix,":[54],"circuits":[57,147,174],"can":[58,115],"achieve":[59],"a":[60,99,156],"standard":[61],"Chebyshev":[62],"response":[64],"at":[65,76,176,188],"fundamental":[67],"frequencies":[68,78],"while":[69],"simultaneously":[70],"introducing":[71],"arbitrary":[72],"transmission":[73],"zeros":[74],"(TZs)":[75],"with":[79],"precisely":[80],"controlled":[81],"phase.":[82],"This":[83],"technique":[84,124,162],"greatly":[85],"expands":[86],"flexibility":[88],"practicality":[90],"of":[91,110,192,212],"PAs,":[93],"particularly":[94],"because":[95],"manipulation":[97],"plays":[98],"crucial":[100],"role":[101],"determining":[103],"efficiency":[104,182],"saturated":[106,190],"power.":[107],"The":[108,161,179,206],"performances":[109],"return":[111],"loss":[112],"gain":[114],"be":[116],"predicted":[117],"by":[118,165],"matrix.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"facilitates":[125],"seamless":[126],"integration":[127],"between":[128],"on-chip":[129],"transistors":[130],"3D":[132,221],"high-Q":[133],"resonators,":[134],"as":[135,137],"well":[136],"Consequently,":[140],"need":[142],"for":[143,226],"additional":[144],"planar":[145],"matching":[146],"eliminated,":[149],"resulting":[150],"reduced":[151],"losses,":[152],"improved":[153],"efficiency,":[154],"more":[157],"compact":[158],"system":[159],"architecture.":[160],"validated":[164],"using":[166],"0.25-$\\mu":[168],"$m":[169],"GaN":[170],"HEMTs":[171],"microwave":[172],"(MICs)":[175],"3.3\u20133.5":[177],"GHz.":[178],"measured":[180],"drain":[181],"from":[184],"62.8%":[185],"67.7%":[187],"38.8\u201339.1":[193],"dBm,":[194],"adjacent":[197],"channel":[198],"leakage":[199],"ratios":[201],"(ACLR)":[202],"\u221234.8/\u221233.5":[204],"dBc.":[205],"synthesis":[207],"approach":[208],"could":[209],"boost":[210],"progress":[211],"PAs":[214],"high-frequency":[216],"high-power":[218,231],"scenarios,":[219],"where":[220],"circuit":[223],"preferred":[225],"its":[227],"intrinsic":[228],"low-loss":[229],"capacity.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
