{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412375737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586","title":"A Compact, Power-Efficient, and On-the-Fly I2C-to-SPI Converter for Distributed E-Textile Systems","display_name":"A Compact, Power-Efficient, and On-the-Fly I2C-to-SPI Converter for Distributed E-Textile Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412375737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013218242","display_name":"Omar Faruqe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-7596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Faruqe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-7596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615273","display_name":"Zhenghong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9459-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069451109","display_name":"Suprio Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5501-3079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suprio Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5501-3079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108694510","display_name":"Md. Fahim Foysal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Fahim Foysal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109540946","display_name":"Samit Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samit Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-1308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062400892","display_name":"Jinhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-1248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081774167","display_name":"Daniel S. Truesdell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Truesdell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-0398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080557997","display_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benton H. Calhoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-5050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64916827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"12","first_page":"7542","last_page":"7552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile","display_name":"Textile","score":0.5282943248748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5214701890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47448232769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.43757164478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4168202877044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3961370587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3510451018810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.20497554540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18180972337722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10216569900512695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164767435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28823","display_name":"Textile","level":2,"score":0.5282943248748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5214701890945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47448232769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.43757164478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4168202877044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3961370587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3510451018810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.20497554540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18180972337722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10216569900512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3582586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622503737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-23-C-4512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984863066","https://openalex.org/W2594309104","https://openalex.org/W3024825050","https://openalex.org/W3183674658","https://openalex.org/W4200602462","https://openalex.org/W4309741586","https://openalex.org/W4328132751","https://openalex.org/W4386264329","https://openalex.org/W4391513864","https://openalex.org/W4391565674","https://openalex.org/W4403370637","https://openalex.org/W4408174477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2070883797","https://openalex.org/W4386859288","https://openalex.org/W2102542442","https://openalex.org/W2154984715","https://openalex.org/W2074272557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,83,87,108,144,149,189],"0.36-mm<sup":[4],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,110,134,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[6],"I2C-to-SPI":[7,122],"converter":[8,91,187],"chip":[9,80],"designed":[10],"for":[11,25,169,176,215],"electronic":[12],"textile":[13],"(E-textile)":[14],"applications,":[15],"featuring":[16],"an":[17,210],"on-the-fly":[18],"conversion":[19],"scheme":[20],"that":[21],"eliminates":[22],"the":[23,35,44,59,63,79,125,130,141,170,177,186],"need":[24],"on-chip":[26],"data":[27,51],"buffers":[28],"and":[29,41,73,86,148,173,212],"internal":[30],"clock":[31,66],"generation.":[32],"By":[33],"leveraging":[34],"synchronous":[36],"nature":[37],"of":[38,78,143],"both":[39,71],"I2C":[40,50,64,161,182],"SPI":[42,60],"protocols,":[43],"proposed":[45],"design":[46],"forwards":[47],"each":[48],"incoming":[49],"bit,":[52],"SDA":[53],"(Serial":[54],"Data":[55],"Line)":[56],"directly":[57],"to":[58,119],"output":[61],"using":[62],"serial":[65],"line":[67],"(SCL),":[68],"thereby":[69],"reducing":[70],"area":[72,116],"power":[74,201],"consumption.":[75],"Two":[76],"versions":[77],"are":[81],"proposed:":[82],"\u2018full\u2019":[84,104,171],"die":[85,105,172],"\u2018compact\u2019":[88,126,178],"die.":[89],"The":[90,103],"enables":[92],"seamless":[93],"integration":[94],"into":[95],"distributed":[96],"in-textile":[97],"architectures":[98],"by":[99,132],"minimizing":[100],"silicon":[101],"overhead.":[102],"implementation":[106],"achieves":[107],"<inline-formula":[109,133,190],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[111,135,192],"<tex-math":[112,136,193],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$7.33\\times":[113],"$":[114,138,195],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[115,139,196],"reduction":[117],"compared":[118],"commercially":[120],"available":[121],"converters,":[123],"while":[124],"version":[127],"further":[128],"reduces":[129],"footprint":[131],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$14.73\\times":[137],"through":[140],"use":[142],"small":[145],"corner":[146],"seal-ring":[147],"linear":[150],"pad":[151],"ring":[152],"layout.":[153],"Measurement":[154],"results":[155],"confirm":[156],"robust":[157],"operation":[158],"at":[159],"ultra-fast":[160],"frequency":[162],"(5":[163],"MHz),":[164],"consuming":[165],"only":[166],"0.379":[167],"mW":[168,175],"0.333":[174],"variant.":[179],"At":[180],"standard":[181],"speeds":[183],"(400":[184],"kHz),":[185],"demonstrates":[188],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$48\\times":[194],"improvement":[197],"(\u2018full\u2019":[198],"die)":[199],"in":[200],"efficiency":[202],"over":[203],"commercial":[204],"off-the-shelf":[205],"(COTS)":[206],"solutions,":[207],"making":[208],"it":[209],"effective":[211],"unobtrusive":[213],"solution":[214],"next-generation":[216],"E-textile":[217],"systems.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
