{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411405178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534","title":"UniDec: A Unified Factor-Graph-Based Decoder Fully Compatible With 5G NR LDPC/Polar Codes","display_name":"UniDec: A Unified Factor-Graph-Based Decoder Fully Compatible With 5G NR LDPC/Polar Codes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411405178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008993966","display_name":"Houren Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0409-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Houren Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691749","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055927254","display_name":"Yutai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6709-8422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2545-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380082","display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008993966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14362532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"8","first_page":"4235","last_page":"4247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.8371667861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6581452488899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar","display_name":"Polar","score":0.5253940224647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5075527429580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5047744512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.4138581156730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.40405428409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3932523727416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3614818751811981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34355223178863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20555710792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.1511794626712799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10710275173187256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.8371667861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6581452488899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.5253940224647522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5075527429580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5047744512557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4138581156730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.40405428409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3932523727416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3614818751811981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34355223178863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20555710792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.1511794626712799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10710275173187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3575534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G646053297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2112229728","https://openalex.org/W2113237846","https://openalex.org/W2113257254","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2139164285","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2155350689","https://openalex.org/W2168847677","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2518491559","https://openalex.org/W2587515641","https://openalex.org/W2601496744","https://openalex.org/W2603839993","https://openalex.org/W2767453111","https://openalex.org/W2789254838","https://openalex.org/W2800096282","https://openalex.org/W2887344805","https://openalex.org/W2902783485","https://openalex.org/W2942512425","https://openalex.org/W2977760468","https://openalex.org/W3011911605","https://openalex.org/W3034882677","https://openalex.org/W3067797230","https://openalex.org/W3082242823","https://openalex.org/W3110023844","https://openalex.org/W3158277368","https://openalex.org/W3203976247","https://openalex.org/W3211241230","https://openalex.org/W4205858102","https://openalex.org/W4213081505","https://openalex.org/W4226343253","https://openalex.org/W4285676441","https://openalex.org/W4286373435","https://openalex.org/W4312080373","https://openalex.org/W4315473893","https://openalex.org/W4395056647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903058006","https://openalex.org/W2102374550","https://openalex.org/W2047069332","https://openalex.org/W2963817320","https://openalex.org/W4307680413","https://openalex.org/W2913013053","https://openalex.org/W4388717827","https://openalex.org/W3138245144","https://openalex.org/W1557056212","https://openalex.org/W2757251458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"comparison":[1],"to":[2,7,31,51,66,79,191,227],"4G,":[3],"5G":[4,27,116,150],"wireless":[5],"needs":[6],"support":[8],"a":[9,75,83,107,169,207],"broader":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,35,82,98,171,212],"applications.":[13],"Therefore,":[14],"both":[15,60,102,133,155],"low-density":[16],"parity-check":[17],"(LDPC)":[18],"codes":[19,22,61],"and":[20,38,70,85,143,159,180,215],"polar":[21],"have":[23,62],"been":[24,63,74],"standardized":[25],"by":[26,47,92],"new":[28],"radio":[29],"(NR)":[30],"fulfill":[32],"the":[33,80,95,166,198,203],"requirements":[34],"data":[36,157],"channel":[37],"control":[39],"channel,":[40],"respectively.":[41],"Usually,":[42],"LDPC/polar":[43,118],"decodings":[44],"are":[45],"implemented":[46],"separate":[48],"hardware,":[49],"leading":[50],"low":[52],"area":[53,160,188,216],"efficiency.":[54,161,217],"Though":[55],"decoders":[56],"which":[57,111],"can":[58,224],"handle":[59],"proposed,":[64],"how":[65],"compromise":[67],"between":[68],"throughput":[69,158,179],"efficiency":[71,189],"has":[72],"always":[73],"persistent":[76],"dilemma":[77],"due":[78],"absence":[81],"unified":[84,108,129],"smooth":[86],"integration":[87],"methodology.":[88],"To":[89],"this":[90,104,222],"end,":[91],"fully":[93,113],"utilizing":[94],"common":[96],"parts":[97],"graph-theoretic":[99],"algorithms":[100],"for":[101,132,149],"codes,":[103],"paper":[105],"presents":[106],"decoder":[109],"(UniDec)":[110],"is":[112,219],"compatible":[114],"with":[115,141,197],"NR":[117,151],"codes.":[119],"This":[120],"UniDec":[121,167,204],"enables":[122],"three":[123],"key":[124],"approaches:":[125],"<italic":[126,135,144],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[127,136,145,173,182],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1)":[128],"processing":[130,232],"nodes":[131],"codes</i>,":[134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2)":[137],"configurable":[138],"permutation":[139],"networks":[140],"multi-parallelism</i>,":[142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3)":[146],"flexible":[147],"scheduling":[148],"parameter":[152],"configuration</i>,":[153],"guaranteeing":[154],"high":[156],"Implemented":[162],"in":[163,210],"40nm":[164],"CMOS,":[165],"attains":[168],"maximum":[170],"<inline-formula":[172,181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[174,183],"<tex-math":[175,184],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$33.64\\times":[176],"$</tex-math>":[177,186],"</inline-formula>":[178,187],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$5.98\\times":[185],"compared":[190,196],"its":[192],"multi-mode":[193],"counterparts.":[194],"Even":[195],"state-of-the-art":[199],"(SOA)":[200],"dedicated":[201],"ones,":[202],"still":[205],"maintains":[206],"competitive":[208],"edge":[209],"terms":[211],"throughput,":[213],"energy,":[214],"It":[218],"noted":[220],"that":[221],"methodology":[223],"be":[225],"generalized":[226],"other":[228],"factor-graph":[229],"based":[230],"signal":[231],"algorithms.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}