{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410949500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274","title":"FAB: FPGA-Accelerated Fully-Pipelined Bottleneck Architecture With Batching for High-Performance MobileNetv2 Inference","display_name":"FAB: FPGA-Accelerated Fully-Pipelined Bottleneck Architecture With Batching for High-Performance MobileNetv2 Inference","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410949500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002584996","display_name":"Young Chan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-9407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young Chan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102835537","display_name":"Namjoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8200-039X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371185","display_name":"Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-657X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Research Center for Electrical and Information Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002584996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94486307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"11","first_page":"6615","last_page":"6628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.8160078525543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.785110592842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6510440111160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47761648893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4755530059337616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4661703407764435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45090335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.39443373680114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3678981363773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11669802665710449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.8160078525543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.785110592842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6510440111160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47761648893356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4755530059337616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4661703407764435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45090335607528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39443373680114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3678981363773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11669802665710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2525740295","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2887936511","https://openalex.org/W2935524202","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2989331028","https://openalex.org/W3000623753","https://openalex.org/W3008408165","https://openalex.org/W3162993841","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3170647102","https://openalex.org/W3185702163","https://openalex.org/W4211085526","https://openalex.org/W4293149165","https://openalex.org/W4294691336","https://openalex.org/W4297094636","https://openalex.org/W4304080481","https://openalex.org/W4312455642","https://openalex.org/W4319870545","https://openalex.org/W4360770687","https://openalex.org/W4380874786","https://openalex.org/W4382119403","https://openalex.org/W4386710183","https://openalex.org/W4386710216","https://openalex.org/W4388637017","https://openalex.org/W4389169770","https://openalex.org/W4390874070","https://openalex.org/W4392739458","https://openalex.org/W4393115925","https://openalex.org/W4393318691","https://openalex.org/W4393406920","https://openalex.org/W4401024916","https://openalex.org/W4401212084","https://openalex.org/W4401386645","https://openalex.org/W4404787918","https://openalex.org/W4407448655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W1967938402","https://openalex.org/W2386041993","https://openalex.org/W1608572506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lightweight":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(LWNNs)":[3],"primarily":[4],"employ":[5],"the":[6,18,58,66,114,128,136,160,168,209],"bottleneck":[7,53],"block":[8],"(BB)":[9],"introduced":[10],"in":[11,22,37],"MobileNetv2":[12,165],"or":[13],"similar":[14],"architectural":[15],"structures.":[16],"However,":[17],"channel":[19],"expansion-reduction":[20],"process":[21],"BB":[23,79],"imposes":[24],"substantial":[25],"activation":[26],"memory":[27,71,138],"overhead,":[28],"a":[29,51,109,147,179,217],"challenge":[30],"that":[31,112],"has":[32],"not":[33],"been":[34],"adequately":[35],"addressed":[36],"prior":[38,205],"studies":[39],"on":[40,167,208],"LWNN":[41],"accelerators":[42],"incorporating":[43],"BB.":[44,63],"To":[45,86,134],"overcome":[46],"this":[47],"limitation,":[48],"we":[49,107,145],"propose":[50,146],"fully-pipelined":[52],"architecture":[54],"(FPB)":[55],"optimized":[56],"for":[57,68],"efficient":[59],"hardware":[60,88,121],"deployment":[61,75],"of":[62,116,131,162,175,182,188],"FPB":[64,91,117,124],"eliminates":[65],"need":[67],"intermediate":[69],"off-chip":[70,137],"access,":[72],"effectively":[73,154],"addressing":[74],"challenges":[76],"associated":[77],"with":[78],"and":[80,97],"enabling":[81,127],"an":[82,172,186],"end-to-end":[83],"accelerator":[84,166,215],"architecture.":[85],"enhance":[87],"efficiency,":[89],"each":[90],"core":[92],"utilizes":[93],"2-LUT":[94],"DSP,":[95],"Fused-ReLU6,":[96],"Q-Residual,":[98],"optimizing":[99],"computational":[100,230],"performance":[101,156,161,219],"while":[102,126],"minimizing":[103],"resource":[104],"consumption.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"introduce":[108],"batching":[110],"technique":[111],"maximizes":[113],"benefits":[115],"by":[118,143],"ensuring":[119],"high":[120,229],"utilization":[122],"across":[123],"cores":[125],"concurrent":[129],"processing":[130],"multiple":[132],"images.":[133],"mitigate":[135],"access":[139],"latency":[140,150],"inherently":[141],"incurred":[142],"batching,":[144],"stem":[148],"layer":[149],"hiding":[151],"technique,":[152],"which":[153],"prevents":[155],"degradation.":[157],"We":[158],"evaluate":[159],"our":[163,213],"proposed":[164],"VCU118":[169],"board,":[170],"achieving":[171],"energy":[173],"efficiency":[174],"120.7":[176],"GOPS/W":[177],"at":[178],"batch":[180,210],"size":[181,211],"4.":[183],"This":[184],"represents":[185],"improvement":[187],"<inline-formula":[189,197],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[190,198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[191,199],"<tex-math":[192,200],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.5\\times":[193],"$</tex-math>":[194,202],"</inline-formula>":[195,203],"to":[196,224],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10.5\\times":[201],"over":[204],"work.":[206],"Depending":[207],"configuration,":[212],"FAB":[214],"achieves":[216],"throughput":[218],"ranging":[220],"from":[221],"204.2":[222],"GOPS":[223],"772.7":[225],"GOPS,":[226],"demonstrating":[227],"its":[228],"efficiency.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
