{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410985630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340","title":"A 310 nA DCM Hysteretic Buck Converter With 95.8% Peak Efficiency and Greater Than 90% Efficiency in 10 <i>\u03bc</i> A\u2013100 mA Load Range for Battery Powered IoT Sensors","display_name":"A 310 nA DCM Hysteretic Buck Converter With 95.8% Peak Efficiency and Greater Than 90% Efficiency in 10 <i>\u03bc</i> A\u2013100 mA Load Range for Battery Powered IoT Sensors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410985630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8213-6739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8213-6739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682339","display_name":"Wang Ling Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Ling Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062730461","display_name":"Liter Siek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liter Siek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075642035","display_name":"Yuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090209","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/009rw8n36","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210090209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0907222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"11","first_page":"6691","last_page":"6700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5928519368171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5539214611053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buck-converter","display_name":"Buck converter","score":0.5275708436965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5100343823432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4362650513648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3626755475997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34923121333122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33404844999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.31473508477211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29767507314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22032460570335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.10593432188034058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5928519368171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5539214611053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150818752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83804","display_name":"Buck converter","level":3,"score":0.5275708436965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5100343823432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4362650513648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3626755475997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34923121333122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33404844999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31473508477211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29767507314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22032460570335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10593432188034058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3572340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964849189","https://openalex.org/W1979194166","https://openalex.org/W2008687865","https://openalex.org/W2056494618","https://openalex.org/W2078094236","https://openalex.org/W2100151841","https://openalex.org/W2546665051","https://openalex.org/W2600746312","https://openalex.org/W2759219695","https://openalex.org/W2791278992","https://openalex.org/W2908016488","https://openalex.org/W2997796828","https://openalex.org/W3020024323","https://openalex.org/W3040985911","https://openalex.org/W3161924788","https://openalex.org/W3162331223","https://openalex.org/W3164867970","https://openalex.org/W3177825958","https://openalex.org/W3217750883","https://openalex.org/W4226424374","https://openalex.org/W4285193944","https://openalex.org/W4312718612","https://openalex.org/W4312835356","https://openalex.org/W4389040855","https://openalex.org/W4389880317","https://openalex.org/W4390993397","https://openalex.org/W4399993967","https://openalex.org/W4400644185","https://openalex.org/W4402661257","https://openalex.org/W4407448738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2070883797","https://openalex.org/W4386859288","https://openalex.org/W2102542442","https://openalex.org/W1986220761","https://openalex.org/W2042495646","https://openalex.org/W4385236387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,40],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,24,44,57,82],"discontinuous":[4],"conduction":[5],"mode":[6],"(DCM)":[7],"hysteretic":[8,65],"buck":[9,77,107],"converter":[10,78,108],"for":[11,51,142],"battery-powered":[12],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,91,115],"Things":[15],"(IoT)":[16],"sensors.":[17],"To":[18],"reduce":[19],"the":[20,35,52,64,69,113],"quiescent":[21,104],"power":[22],"consumption,":[23],"duty-cycled":[25],"comparator":[26,46,53,66],"with":[27,87,126,156],"delay":[28],"compensation":[29],"feedback":[30,41],"loop":[31,42],"is":[32,61,140],"used":[33],"in":[34,81,112],"zero":[36],"current":[37,144],"detector":[38],"(ZCD).":[39],"generates":[43],"self-calibrated":[45],"input":[47],"offset":[48],"to":[49,63,67,153],"compensate":[50],"propagation":[54],"delay.":[55],"Additionally,":[56],"dynamic":[58],"biasing":[59],"scheme":[60],"applied":[62],"enhance":[68],"conversion":[70],"efficiency":[71,139],"under":[72],"light":[73],"load.":[74],"The":[75],"proposed":[76],"was":[79],"implemented":[80],"55-nm":[83],"CMOS":[84],"BCDLite":[85],"process":[86],"an":[88],"active":[89],"area":[90],"0.76mm<inline-formula":[92],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93,117,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[94,118,148],"<tex-math":[95,119,149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$":[96],"\\times":[97],"0.69$</tex-math>":[98],"</inline-formula>":[99],"mm.":[100],"With":[101],"310":[102],"nA":[103],"current,":[105],"this":[106],"supports":[109],"load":[110,143],"currents":[111],"range":[114],"<inline-formula":[116,146],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1~{\\mu":[120],"}$</tex-math>":[121,151],"</inline-formula>A":[122,152],"-":[123,131],"300":[124],"mA":[125,155],"output":[127],"voltage":[128],"0.8":[129],"V":[130],"2.2":[132],"V.":[133],"In":[134],"particular,":[135],"greater":[136],"than":[137],"90%":[138],"maintained":[141],"from":[145],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10~{\\mu":[150],"100":[154],"95.8%":[157],"peak":[158],"efficiency.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}