{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410204325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312","title":"Multiple-Resolution Decoding Architecture for QC-LDPC Codes","display_name":"Multiple-Resolution Decoding Architecture for QC-LDPC Codes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410204325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087977408","display_name":"In\u2010Cheol Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In-Cheol Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3524-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050328398","display_name":"Kangjoon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4137-7688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangjoon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4137-7688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061811","display_name":"Hyejung Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0325-9072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088807","display_name":"Samsung Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/003eds368","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088807"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyejung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics Inc., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","Samsung Electronics Inc, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0325-9072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics Inc., Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088807","https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics Inc, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027370880","display_name":"Jong Min Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-3821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongmin Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08611275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"11","first_page":"7211","last_page":"7224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7028794884681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.6038298606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5541893839836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-concatenated-convolutional-codes","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","score":0.5273906588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.44055506587028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.43936535716056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbo-code","display_name":"Turbo code","score":0.42430877685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.42273688316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3652636408805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.3584941029548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32223784923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1642506718635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07983016967773438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7028794884681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.6038298606872559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5541893839836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33529081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18378194","display_name":"Serial concatenated convolutional codes","level":5,"score":0.5273906588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.44055506587028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.43936535716056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114504821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164281","display_name":"Turbo code","level":3,"score":0.42430877685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.42273688316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3652636408805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.3584941029548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32223784923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1642506718635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07983016967773438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3566312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518608438","https://openalex.org/W1973712217","https://openalex.org/W1995304976","https://openalex.org/W2000006997","https://openalex.org/W2012642489","https://openalex.org/W2123530431","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2139164285","https://openalex.org/W2139832014","https://openalex.org/W2148312549","https://openalex.org/W2152203581","https://openalex.org/W2156938362","https://openalex.org/W2159159598","https://openalex.org/W2160988084","https://openalex.org/W2161123421","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2558401503","https://openalex.org/W2600951660","https://openalex.org/W2897959904","https://openalex.org/W2901220633","https://openalex.org/W3006689851","https://openalex.org/W3033237065","https://openalex.org/W3034882677","https://openalex.org/W3082242823","https://openalex.org/W3091757364","https://openalex.org/W3110023844","https://openalex.org/W3156731423","https://openalex.org/W3158894849","https://openalex.org/W3164065772","https://openalex.org/W3198162672","https://openalex.org/W3203976247","https://openalex.org/W4205392117","https://openalex.org/W4206904596","https://openalex.org/W4213081505","https://openalex.org/W4226343253","https://openalex.org/W4241955527","https://openalex.org/W4242076186","https://openalex.org/W4286373435","https://openalex.org/W4294310702","https://openalex.org/W4392581103","https://openalex.org/W4394863101","https://openalex.org/W4395056647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139745099","https://openalex.org/W2015101254","https://openalex.org/W2132566027","https://openalex.org/W1782566311","https://openalex.org/W1968988046","https://openalex.org/W2127950068","https://openalex.org/W1989608637","https://openalex.org/W2373473769","https://openalex.org/W2126543779","https://openalex.org/W2169710030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,32,150,157,167],"hardware-efficient":[4],"multiple-resolution":[5],"decoding":[6],"architecture":[7,30,72,182],"for":[8,96,117],"quasi-cyclic":[9,125],"low-density":[10],"parity-check":[11],"(QC-LDPC)":[12],"codes,":[13],"specifically":[14],"designed":[15],"to":[16,37,90,136,175],"meet":[17],"the":[18,22,40,49,71,144,154,176,180,198,206,210],"stringent":[19],"requirements":[20],"of":[21,42,160,172],"5G":[23,145,199],"New":[24],"Radio":[25],"(NR)":[26],"standard.":[27,147,201],"The":[28],"proposed":[29,181,207],"adopts":[31],"single-instruction":[33],"multiple-data":[34],"(SIMD)":[35],"approach":[36],"dynamically":[38],"adjust":[39],"bitwidth":[41],"log-likelihood":[43],"ratio":[44,170,186],"(LLR)":[45],"values":[46,76,95],"based":[47],"on":[48],"<italic":[50,79,100],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[51,53,55,80,82,84,101,103,105],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Eb</i>/<italic":[52,81,102],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</i><sub":[54,83,104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>":[56,85,106],"condition,":[57],"significantly":[58],"reducing":[59],"hardware":[60],"complexity":[61],"and":[62,87,98,124,187,193],"improving":[63],"throughput":[64,159,168,212],"area":[65,169],"ratio.":[66],"Unlike":[67],"conventional":[68],"single-resolution":[69],"decoders,":[70],"processes":[73],"2-bit":[74],"LLR":[75,94],"in":[77,143,149,197,221],"high":[78],"regions":[86],"scales":[88],"up":[89],"4-bit":[91],"or":[92],"8-bit":[93],"moderate":[97],"low":[99],"conditions,":[107,216],"maintaining":[108,218],"robust":[109,219],"error-correcting":[110],"performance.":[111],"Key":[112],"innovations":[113],"include":[114],"SIMD-based":[115],"design":[116],"variable-node":[118],"units":[119,122],"(VNUs),":[120],"check-node":[121],"(CNUs),":[123],"shifting":[126],"networks":[127],"(QSNs),":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"optimized":[132],"memory":[133],"access":[134],"scheduling":[135],"support":[137],"all":[138,190],"51":[139],"lifting":[140,194],"sizes":[141,195],"defined":[142],"NR":[146,200],"Designed":[148],"65-nm":[151],"CMOS":[152],"process,":[153],"decoder":[155,208],"achieves":[156],"peak":[158,211],"27.24":[161],"Gbps":[162],"under":[163,214],"error-free":[164,215],"conditions":[165],"with":[166],"improvement":[171],"2.07\u00d7":[173],"compared":[174],"state-of-the-art":[177],"designs.":[178],"Furthermore,":[179],"demonstrates":[183],"superior":[184],"throughput-area":[185],"flexibility,":[188],"supporting":[189],"code":[191],"rates":[192],"specified":[196],"Simulation":[202],"results":[203],"confirm":[204],"that":[205],"meets":[209],"requirement":[213],"while":[217],"performance":[220],"challenging":[222],"channel":[223],"environments.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
