{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409057691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145","title":"SKI-SAT: A CMOS-Compatible Hardware for Solving SAT Problems","display_name":"SKI-SAT: A CMOS-Compatible Hardware for Solving SAT Problems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409057691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109890181","display_name":"Ahmad Jamal Salim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Yusuf Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1419-2106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105461279","display_name":"Bart Selman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0666-3123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Selman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105508446","display_name":"Henry Kautz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Kautz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-2970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000530969","display_name":"Zeljko Ignjatovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-3868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeljko Ignjatovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-3868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080439104","display_name":"Sel\u00e7uk K\u00f6se","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-6691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sel\u00e7uk K\u00f6se","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-6691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9394048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"5926","last_page":"5937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9480999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9480999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9271000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6678023338317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5619257688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3723899722099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3488686680793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3328796625137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2649974226951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1815492808818817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6678023338317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5619257688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3723899722099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3488686680793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3328796625137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2649974226951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1815492808818817}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3554145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1956932420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8650-23-C-1034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1949943063","https://openalex.org/W1995504856","https://openalex.org/W2033834893","https://openalex.org/W2075335084","https://openalex.org/W2084033406","https://openalex.org/W2326697386","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2887462821","https://openalex.org/W2940758800","https://openalex.org/W4280571900","https://openalex.org/W4360606441","https://openalex.org/W4360606816","https://openalex.org/W4387609103","https://openalex.org/W4392745963","https://openalex.org/W4396795468","https://openalex.org/W4400232170","https://openalex.org/W4402586473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nature-inspired":[0],"computation":[1],"is":[2,44,89,152],"receiving":[3],"increasing":[4],"attention.":[5],"Various":[6],"Ising":[7],"machine":[8],"(IM)":[9],"implementations":[10],"have":[11],"recently":[12],"been":[13],"proven":[14],"to":[15,46,115,131],"be":[16],"effective":[17],"in":[18,134],"solving":[19],"numerous":[20],"combinatorial":[21],"optimization":[22],"problems":[23,51],"including":[24],"maximum":[25],"cut,":[26],"low":[27],"density":[28],"parity":[29],"check":[30],"(LDPC)":[31],"decoding,":[32],"and":[33,155,174],"Boolean":[34],"satisfiability":[35],"(SAT)":[36],"problems.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"a":[41,53,60,81,106,126,153],"novel":[42],"method":[43],"presented":[45],"solve":[47],"SAT":[48,61,66,111,162],"or":[49,101],"MAX-SAT":[50],"with":[52],"CMOS":[54],"circuit":[55],"implementation.":[56],"The":[57,86,122,144],"technique":[58],"solves":[59],"problem":[62],"by":[63,73,95,164],"mapping":[64],"the":[65,96,110,117,139,142,149],"variables":[67],"onto":[68],"quantized":[69],"capacitor":[70,103],"voltages":[71],"generated":[72],"an":[74],"array":[75],"of":[76,83,119,141],"nodes":[77],"that":[78,148,158],"interact":[79],"through":[80,91],"network":[82],"coupling":[84,92,97],"units.":[85],"nodal":[87],"interaction":[88],"achieved":[90],"currents":[93],"produced":[94],"units,":[98],"which":[99],"charge":[100],"discharge":[102],"voltages,":[104],"implementing":[105],"gradient":[107],"descent":[108],"along":[109],"problem\u2019s":[112],"cost":[113],"function":[114],"minimize":[116],"number":[118],"unsatisfied":[120],"clauses.":[121],"system":[123],"also":[124],"incorporates":[125],"unique":[127],"low-complexity":[128],"perturbation":[129],"scheme":[130],"avoid":[132],"settling":[133],"local":[135],"minima,":[136],"greatly":[137],"enhancing":[138],"performance":[140],"system.":[143],"simulation":[145],"results":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"proposed":[150],"SKI-SAT":[151],"high-performance":[154],"low-energy":[156],"alternative":[157],"surpasses":[159],"existing":[160],"software-based":[161],"solvers":[163],"significant":[165],"margins,":[166],"achieving":[167],"more":[168],"than":[169],"10":[170],"times":[171,177],"faster":[172],"solution":[173],"over":[175],"300":[176],"less":[178],"power.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}