{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407736338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888","title":"A Spin Scale-Aware Self-Adaptive Ising Annealing Processing Architecture for Combinatorial Optimization Problems","display_name":"A Spin Scale-Aware Self-Adaptive Ising Annealing Processing Architecture for Combinatorial Optimization Problems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407736338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103244554","display_name":"Dong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-241X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-241X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101786255","display_name":"Xiangrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-6701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-6701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004022189","display_name":"Zhanhong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanhong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-1104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103959245","display_name":"Long Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-3296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longyuan Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083744300","display_name":"Simei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035510566","display_name":"Enyi Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enyi Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-2263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8979905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"10","first_page":"5811","last_page":"5824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.6629895567893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5717698335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","score":0.5524131059646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-spin","display_name":"Ising spin","score":0.5320020318031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.5217614769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4584827125072479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4264298379421234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-annealing","display_name":"Quantum annealing","score":0.420554518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3717246651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33663126826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2681127190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2558434009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.2129756510257721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17791882157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.0981835424900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.09767073392868042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.6629895567893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5717698335647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52692508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333872","display_name":"Combinatorial optimization","level":2,"score":0.5524131059646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992371110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising spin","level":3,"score":0.5320020318031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.5217614769935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4584827125072479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4264298379421234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.420554518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3717246651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33663126826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2681127190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2558434009552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2129756510257721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17791882157325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0981835424900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.09767073392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3541888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1870111776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515110045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4172346821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011784502","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2024860775","https://openalex.org/W2039122980","https://openalex.org/W2068674173","https://openalex.org/W2091402700","https://openalex.org/W2293892232","https://openalex.org/W2533968486","https://openalex.org/W2770257947","https://openalex.org/W2794182604","https://openalex.org/W2906726587","https://openalex.org/W2915984089","https://openalex.org/W2938847643","https://openalex.org/W2958339331","https://openalex.org/W2984655992","https://openalex.org/W2991143567","https://openalex.org/W2993160091","https://openalex.org/W3005637380","https://openalex.org/W3013341397","https://openalex.org/W3048392664","https://openalex.org/W3093351105","https://openalex.org/W3128253723","https://openalex.org/W3135453411","https://openalex.org/W3136346278","https://openalex.org/W3203663882","https://openalex.org/W4206176637","https://openalex.org/W4206898231","https://openalex.org/W4322576619","https://openalex.org/W4360606529","https://openalex.org/W4362653146","https://openalex.org/W4385079967","https://openalex.org/W4390337138","https://openalex.org/W4391341778","https://openalex.org/W4392940126","https://openalex.org/W4393144884","https://openalex.org/W4401568367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388552999","https://openalex.org/W4380551968","https://openalex.org/W2773055478","https://openalex.org/W4385585333","https://openalex.org/W3208261700","https://openalex.org/W2054435129","https://openalex.org/W2067513897","https://openalex.org/W1977138359","https://openalex.org/W2070533389","https://openalex.org/W2521328830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,149],"Ising":[1,34,80,118],"annealing":[2,81,119,158],"processor":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,19,32,48,75,96,104,143,154,173],"promising":[8],"approach":[9],"to":[10,87,112,121,153,161],"accelerate":[11],"the":[12,15,55,58,113,117,123,162,167],"discovery":[13],"of":[14,22,57,125,146],"optimal":[16],"solutions":[17],"for":[18],"wide":[20],"range":[21],"combinatorial":[23],"optimization":[24,169],"problems":[25],"(COPs),":[26],"by":[27],"mapping":[28],"various":[29],"COPs":[30,68],"into":[31],"unified":[33],"model.":[35],"However,":[36],"fixed":[37],"computational":[38,94],"strategies":[39],"and":[40,61,69,103],"inflexible":[41],"architectures":[42],"make":[43],"previous":[44],"designs":[45],"suffer":[46],"from":[47],"low":[49],"hardware":[50,127],"resource":[51],"utilization":[52],"rate":[53],"when":[54],"numbers":[56],"total":[59],"required":[60],"real-time":[62],"flipped":[63],"spins":[64],"vary":[65],"across":[66],"different":[67],"iteration":[70],"steps.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,89],"paper,":[74],"novel":[76],"spin":[77],"scale-aware":[78],"self-adaptive":[79],"processing":[82],"architecture":[83],"(AIAPA)":[84],"is":[85,135],"proposed":[86],"address":[88],"problem,":[90],"with":[91],"an":[92,138],"adaptive":[93],"strategy,":[95],"custom":[97],"instruction":[98],"set,":[99],"multi-traffic":[100],"mode":[101],"routers,":[102],"fully-pipelined":[105],"computing":[106],"array.":[107],"It":[108],"can":[109],"dynamically":[110],"adapt":[111],"varying":[114],"scenarios":[115],"during":[116],"process":[120],"maximize":[122],"performance":[124],"limited":[126],"resources.":[128],"Its":[129],"prototype,":[130],"supporting":[131],"65k":[132],"fully-connected":[133],"spins,":[134],"implemented":[136],"on":[137,166],"FPGA":[139,164],"platform,":[140],"operates":[141],"at":[142],"clock":[144],"frequency":[145],"188":[147],"MHz.":[148],"AIAPA":[150],"achieves":[151],"up":[152],"24.22":[155],"times":[156],"faster":[157],"speed":[159],"compared":[160],"state-of-the-art":[163],"design":[165],"max-cut":[168],"problem":[170],"while":[171],"maintaining":[172],"high":[174],"convergence":[175],"accuracy.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}