{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406523081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280","title":"A 27\u201330 GHz T/R Module With Reflection-Type Phase Shifting and Machine-Learned Calibration","display_name":"A 27\u201330 GHz T/R Module With Reflection-Type Phase Shifting and Machine-Learned Calibration","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406523081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102659349","display_name":"Yuan Jen Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077603816","display_name":"Yuejiang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-6861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuejiang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032728348","display_name":"Zhangjie Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangjie Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103023421","display_name":"Balaji Padmanabhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7104-5156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharadwaj Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074605796","display_name":"Paul D. Franzon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-5770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul D. Franzon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045127696","display_name":"Brian Floyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-2764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801313472","display_name":"North Central State College","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6b6f76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian A. Floyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102659349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535","https://openalex.org/I2801313472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9221209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"9","first_page":"4649","last_page":"4660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7094722390174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.6697996854782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4994838237762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.42972779273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-control","display_name":"Phase control","score":0.4217846393585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40766221284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3814763128757477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38098204135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.35387006402015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33238470554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27174875140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21861529350280762}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7094722390174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6697996854782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4994838237762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42972779273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989430983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752602","display_name":"Phase control","level":3,"score":0.4217846393585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40766221284866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3814763128757477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38098204135894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.35387006402015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33238470554351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27174875140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21861529350280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3524280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633148937","https://openalex.org/W1489685456","https://openalex.org/W1977070812","https://openalex.org/W2008541429","https://openalex.org/W2031946900","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2131556268","https://openalex.org/W2138134014","https://openalex.org/W2166566250","https://openalex.org/W2167280346","https://openalex.org/W2168839162","https://openalex.org/W2645161951","https://openalex.org/W2770552303","https://openalex.org/W2773031903","https://openalex.org/W2783693896","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2896568738","https://openalex.org/W2945307919","https://openalex.org/W2969308202","https://openalex.org/W2971716854","https://openalex.org/W2975902587","https://openalex.org/W2989830252","https://openalex.org/W2999039804","https://openalex.org/W3003745617","https://openalex.org/W3021228046","https://openalex.org/W3028852288","https://openalex.org/W3040947815","https://openalex.org/W3092122249","https://openalex.org/W3092488979","https://openalex.org/W3119635602","https://openalex.org/W4200137598","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4220853936","https://openalex.org/W4229957319","https://openalex.org/W4293153935","https://openalex.org/W4323065219","https://openalex.org/W4378716380","https://openalex.org/W4399666322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371168111","https://openalex.org/W2494809169","https://openalex.org/W1576035430","https://openalex.org/W2390392971","https://openalex.org/W3040437776","https://openalex.org/W2742790284","https://openalex.org/W2114770238","https://openalex.org/W1555138936","https://openalex.org/W2168420112","https://openalex.org/W205176129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,84],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,25,29,32,39,56,60,66,71],"transmit/receive":[4,26],"module":[5],"(TRM)":[6],"for":[7,151,160],"phased":[8],"arrays":[9],"realized":[10],"in":[11,119,136,162],"45nm":[12],"RFSOI":[13],"CMOS":[14],"technology":[15],"and":[16,38,50,114,122,132,153,164],"calibrated":[17,142],"using":[18,100],"machine":[19],"learning.":[20],"The":[21,45],"27-30GHz":[22],"TRM":[23,107,143],"includes":[24],"(T/R)":[27],"switch,":[28,37],"power":[30],"amplifier,":[31,34],"low-noise":[33],"another":[35],"T/R":[36],"bidirectional":[40],"reflection-type":[41],"phase":[42,62,161],"shifter":[43],"(RTPS).":[44],"RTPS":[46],"incorporates":[47],"multiple":[48],"resonators":[49],"five":[51],"control":[52],"variables":[53],"to":[54,78,97],"achieve":[55],"six-bit":[57],"resolution":[58],"with":[59,90],"360-degree":[61],"shift":[63],"range":[64],"across":[65],"10%":[67],"bandwidth.":[68],"We":[69],"introduce":[70],"machine-learning":[72],"technique":[73,85],"that":[74],"uses":[75],"Bayesian":[76],"optimization":[77],"calibrate":[79],"the":[80,94,106,141],"multi-variable":[81],"front":[82],"end.":[83],"can":[86],"attain":[87],"near-optimal":[88],"settings":[89],"1.5":[91,156],"percent":[92],"of":[93,147],"measurements":[95],"compared":[96],"manual":[98],"calibration":[99],"an":[101],"exhaustive":[102],"search.":[103],"Measurements":[104],"show":[105],"achieves":[108,144],"16.4dB":[109],"gain,":[110,124],"2.5GHz":[111],"1dB":[112,126],"bandwidth,":[113],"11.9-12.9dBm":[115],"output":[116],"compression":[117,130],"point":[118],"transmit":[120,163],"mode,":[121],"16dB":[123],"3.2GHz":[125],"BW,":[127],"\u221223.3dBm":[128],"input":[129],"point,":[131],"4dB":[133],"noise":[134],"figure":[135],"receive":[137,165],"mode.":[138],"Across":[139],"27-30GHz,":[140],"root-mean-square":[145],"errors":[146],"0.4dB":[148],"or":[149,157],"lower":[150],"gain":[152],"less":[154],"than":[155],"2.8":[158],"degrees":[159],"modes,":[166],"respectively.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
