{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404627762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338","title":"A 48-dB Range, 0.86-dB Step, and 0.06-dB Error dB-Linear PGA Based on Resistive Ladder Attenuator: Design Theory and Realization","display_name":"A 48-dB Range, 0.86-dB Step, and 0.06-dB Error dB-Linear PGA Based on Resistive Ladder Attenuator: Design Theory and Realization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404627762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063730642","display_name":"Yue Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-9370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063003734","display_name":"Hao-Bo Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9118-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083753951","display_name":"Ziting Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2851-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziting Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088482895","display_name":"Chaoqi Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoqi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079847235","display_name":"Xinbing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2924-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032717373","display_name":"Haodong Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haodong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440403","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042593238","display_name":"Runhuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-177X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runhuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063730642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64818317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"7","first_page":"3024","last_page":"3037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuator","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","score":0.8751351833343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.7415347099304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.6010695695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4480496048927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38248828053474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31471288204193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31392401456832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28847044706344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.25015801191329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11017853021621704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174847166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269728","display_name":"Attenuator (electronics)","level":3,"score":0.8751351833343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7415347099304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6010695695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4480496048927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38248828053474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31471288204193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31392401456832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28847044706344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.25015801191329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11017853021621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3498338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1853637042","https://openalex.org/W1974144539","https://openalex.org/W2024277841","https://openalex.org/W2071786386","https://openalex.org/W2098507543","https://openalex.org/W2100305984","https://openalex.org/W2110033475","https://openalex.org/W2135612482","https://openalex.org/W2140823559","https://openalex.org/W2151885511","https://openalex.org/W2546608516","https://openalex.org/W2564360022","https://openalex.org/W2792938883","https://openalex.org/W2793057523","https://openalex.org/W2800974691","https://openalex.org/W2898632724","https://openalex.org/W2955537352","https://openalex.org/W2988408296","https://openalex.org/W3088065608","https://openalex.org/W3135849680","https://openalex.org/W4293811929","https://openalex.org/W4312652108","https://openalex.org/W4319341819","https://openalex.org/W4377235202","https://openalex.org/W4390187773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2389772695","https://openalex.org/W2356507289","https://openalex.org/W2514464399","https://openalex.org/W2373477153","https://openalex.org/W4367147853","https://openalex.org/W2560907006","https://openalex.org/W3217517359","https://openalex.org/W1992760088","https://openalex.org/W1974362194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,34,40,45,62,94,166,202],"effective":[4],"design":[5],"theory":[6],"and":[7,20,39,73,110,201],"realization":[8],"for":[9,82],"a":[10,26,74,118,129,141,149,160,177],"programmable":[11],"gain":[12,18,29,46,71,77,88,106,151,163,167],"amplifier":[13],"(PGA)":[14],"with":[15,128,159],"extremely":[16,69],"small":[17,70],"error":[19,47,72,89,168],"high-resolution":[21],"decibel":[22],"(dB)-linear":[23],"characteristic":[24,52],"in":[25,48,61,117,184],"48":[27],"dB":[28,155,158,162,179],"control":[30,187],"range.":[31],"Based":[32],"on":[33],"resistive":[35],"ladder":[36],"attenuator":[37],"topology":[38],"complementary":[41],"binary-weighted":[42],"switching":[43],"technique,":[44],"digitally":[49],"controlled":[50],"dB-linear":[51,150],"is":[53,90,102,115,137,169,195,205],"significantly":[54],"reduced":[55],"by":[56],"introducing":[57],"an":[58,79],"optimization":[59,80,96],"factor":[60],"pseudo-exponential":[63],"function":[64],"fitting.":[65],"To":[66],"achieve":[67],"both":[68],"relatively":[75],"wide":[76],"range,":[78],"method":[81],"trading":[83],"off":[84],"different":[85],"types":[86],"of":[87,144,181],"employed":[91],"to":[92,104,108,156,198,208],"obtain":[93],"optimal":[95],"factor.":[97],"An":[98],"adaptive":[99],"bias":[100],"circuit":[101],"adopted":[103],"realize":[105],"robustness":[107],"process":[109],"temperature":[111],"variations.The":[112],"proposed":[113],"PGA":[114,175],"fabricated":[116],"<inline-formula":[119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[121],"<tex-math":[122],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.18~\\mu":[123],"$":[124],"</tex-math></inline-formula>m":[125],"CMOS":[126],"technology":[127],"0.063":[130],"mm2":[131],"core":[132],"area.":[133],"The":[134,174,189],"power":[135],"consumption":[136],"5.3":[138],"mW":[139],"at":[140],"supply":[142],"voltage":[143],"1.8":[145],"V.":[146],"It":[147],"provides":[148],"range":[152],"from":[153,196,206],"\u221220":[154],"28":[157],"0.86":[161],"step":[164],"while":[165],"less":[170],"than":[171],"0.06":[172],"dB.":[173,210],"exhibits":[176],"\u22123":[178],"bandwidth":[180],"80":[182],"MHz":[183],"various":[185],"digital":[186],"words.":[188],"measured":[190],"input":[191],"1-dB":[192],"compression":[193],"point":[194],"\u221227.7":[197],"13":[199],"dBm,":[200],"noise":[203],"figure":[204],"13.4":[207],"62.5":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}