{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403721254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350","title":"A 701.7 TOPS/W Compute-in-Memory Processor With Time-Domain Computing for Spiking Neural Network","display_name":"A 701.7 TOPS/W Compute-in-Memory Processor With Time-Domain Computing for Spiking Neural Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403721254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048848694","display_name":"Keonhee Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keonhee Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035200229","display_name":"Hoichang Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-1814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoichang Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-1814","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051795763","display_name":"Seungbin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-3793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungbin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6826-3793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jeongmin Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8049-3708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongmin Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8049-3708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113982233","display_name":"M. H. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121423","display_name":"Syneos Health (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fq4hx73","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121423"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["GGQ Company Inc., Seoul, South Korea","GGQ Company Inc, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-9789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GGQ Company Inc., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GGQ Company Inc, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101638097","display_name":"Kyuho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-1013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyuho Jason Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-1013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048848694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76672196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.8367676138877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.677067756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6304425001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.540086567401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4936595857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4823122024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.40139448642730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3603949546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27257275581359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17917487025260925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.8367676138877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.677067756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6304425001144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.540086567401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4936595857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4823122024536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.40139448642730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3603949546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27257275581359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17917487025260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3480350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2529546376","https://openalex.org/W2612662066","https://openalex.org/W2626712922","https://openalex.org/W2744357319","https://openalex.org/W2745005623","https://openalex.org/W2894627692","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W2906048113","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2987129023","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W3035672751","https://openalex.org/W3097655915","https://openalex.org/W3109080038","https://openalex.org/W3114479342","https://openalex.org/W3124546450","https://openalex.org/W3170773788","https://openalex.org/W3174973222","https://openalex.org/W3184152611","https://openalex.org/W3184281067","https://openalex.org/W3187481008","https://openalex.org/W4205806473","https://openalex.org/W4214767871","https://openalex.org/W4220958508","https://openalex.org/W4226402784","https://openalex.org/W4280557024","https://openalex.org/W4285309513","https://openalex.org/W4293195632","https://openalex.org/W4312081659","https://openalex.org/W4312081844","https://openalex.org/W4376607430","https://openalex.org/W4387070976","https://openalex.org/W4387250224","https://openalex.org/W4388709727","https://openalex.org/W4390873999","https://openalex.org/W4391092774","https://openalex.org/W4392498941","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6802599522","https://openalex.org/W6850626707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2043153436","https://openalex.org/W4251921734","https://openalex.org/W2113085768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"neural":[1,18],"networks":[2],"have":[3],"led":[4],"to":[5,93,150],"a":[6,68,140],"higher":[7],"computational":[8],"burden,":[9],"complicating":[10],"inference":[11],"tasks":[12],"on":[13,47],"low-power":[14],"edge":[15],"devices.":[16],"Spiking":[17],"network":[19],"(SNN),":[20],"which":[21,53],"leverages":[22],"sparse":[23],"spikes":[24],"for":[25,82,100,119],"computation":[26],"and":[27,133],"data":[28,60],"transmission,":[29],"is":[30,72,126],"an":[31],"effective":[32],"energy-efficient":[33,64],"computing":[34],"technique.":[35],"However,":[36],"the":[37,48,151],"length":[38],"of":[39,111],"spike":[40],"sequences":[41],"in":[42,58,128],"SNN":[43,65,153],"varies":[44],"significantly":[45],"depending":[46],"input":[49],"coding":[50,55],"method,":[51],"among":[52],"rate":[54],"still":[56],"results":[57],"substantial":[59],"movement.":[61],"A":[62],"highly":[63],"accelerator":[66],"with":[67,74,85],"time-domain":[69,79,97],"CIM":[70],"processor":[71],"proposed":[73,124],"three":[75],"key":[76],"features:":[77],"1)":[78],"bitcell":[80],"array":[81],"high":[83],"linearity":[84],"lower":[86],"energy,":[87,113],"reducing":[88],"58.6%":[89],"power":[90],"consumption":[91],"compared":[92,149],"inverter-chain":[94],"architecture,":[95],"2)":[96],"multi-bit":[98,102],"accumulate":[99],"assisting":[101],"weights":[103],"without":[104],"analog-to-digital":[105],"converter,":[106],"achieving":[107],"47.2%":[108],"energy":[109,137],"reduction":[110],"domain-conversion":[112],"3)":[114],"analog":[115],"precision":[116],"reconstruction":[117],"unit":[118],"supporting":[120],"phase":[121],"coding.":[122],"The":[123],"TS-CIM":[125],"designed":[127],"65":[129],"nm":[130],"CMOS":[131],"technology":[132],"achieves":[134],"701.7":[135],"TOPS/W":[136],"efficiency,":[138],"marking":[139],"<inline-formula":[141],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[142],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[143],"<tex-math":[144],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.58\\times":[145],"$":[146],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[147],"enhancement":[148],"state-of-the-art":[152],"CIM.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}