{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401691689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164","title":"Ultra-Scaled E-Tree-Based SRAM Design and Optimization With Interconnect Focus","display_name":"Ultra-Scaled E-Tree-Based SRAM Design and Optimization With Interconnect Focus","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401691689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/da483df8-266d-4701-80e1-cb61866f285a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081992221","display_name":"Zhenlin Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlin Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076779455","display_name":"Hsiao-Hsuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Hsuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2305-4258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045634195","display_name":"Mahta Mayahinia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-9810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahta Mayahinia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-9810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064445713","display_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi B. Tahoori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-5610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033235745","display_name":"Francky Catthoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francky Catthoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083194625","display_name":"Zsolt T\u00f6kei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-3424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zsolt T\u0151kei","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-3424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048531024","display_name":"Dawit Burusie Abdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawit Burusie Abdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-8798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030094200","display_name":"James P. Myers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2558-7504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064738995","display_name":"Chenyun Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyun Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-1728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70891921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"10","first_page":"4597","last_page":"4610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.6505064964294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5721555948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5365481376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5134245157241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5062981843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.45120182633399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3889554738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26930534839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21856281161308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13378983736038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1267055869102478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.6505064964294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5721555948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5365481376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5134245157241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5062981843948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.45120182633399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3889554738998413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26930534839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21856281161308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13378983736038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1267055869102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3438164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/749723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/749723","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/da483df8-266d-4701-80e1-cb61866f285a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Circuits And Systems I-Regular Papers, vol. 71 (10), (4597-4610)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/749723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/749723","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/da483df8-266d-4701-80e1-cb61866f285a","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Transactions On Circuits And Systems I-Regular Papers, vol. 71 (10), (4597-4610)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1607688184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DESC0022881","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2265484125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2219753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947036400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0022881","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6477516884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0022881","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7439269507","display_name":"SHF: Small: Energy and Computational Efficient Deep Generative AI Models via Emerging Devices, Circuits, and Architectures","funder_award_id":"2219753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F6376363610","display_name":"Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum VZW","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401691689.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401691689.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656433898","https://openalex.org/W1944814515","https://openalex.org/W1964178484","https://openalex.org/W1991859775","https://openalex.org/W1995259249","https://openalex.org/W2037498929","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2162039374","https://openalex.org/W2464177207","https://openalex.org/W2468424701","https://openalex.org/W2562244986","https://openalex.org/W2583731647","https://openalex.org/W2725159389","https://openalex.org/W2735038802","https://openalex.org/W2787409320","https://openalex.org/W2796645376","https://openalex.org/W2889303625","https://openalex.org/W2912358883","https://openalex.org/W2940666345","https://openalex.org/W2950854908","https://openalex.org/W2997803687","https://openalex.org/W3015590138","https://openalex.org/W3042646079","https://openalex.org/W3095877874","https://openalex.org/W3102455738","https://openalex.org/W3131087780","https://openalex.org/W3133180547","https://openalex.org/W3154021577","https://openalex.org/W3184038974","https://openalex.org/W3193698227","https://openalex.org/W3217299058","https://openalex.org/W4205436102","https://openalex.org/W4220769636","https://openalex.org/W4226149358","https://openalex.org/W4251437986","https://openalex.org/W4308480476","https://openalex.org/W4308630353","https://openalex.org/W4313396674","https://openalex.org/W4317496701","https://openalex.org/W4367307932","https://openalex.org/W4377969822","https://openalex.org/W4378800758","https://openalex.org/W4386124236","https://openalex.org/W6617861030","https://openalex.org/W6719768283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W2109451123","https://openalex.org/W4378977321","https://openalex.org/W1976168335","https://openalex.org/W4308090481","https://openalex.org/W3211992815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SRAM":[0,100],"performance":[1,43,87,148],"is":[2,110],"highly":[3],"dominated":[4],"by":[5],"interconnects":[6],"as":[7,90],"technology":[8,123],"scales":[9],"down":[10],"because":[11],"of":[12,30,44,50,73,85,107,121,141],"the":[13,20,28,42,66,71,99,126,138,150],"significant":[14],"parasitic":[15],"resistance":[16],"and":[17,33,76],"capacitance":[18],"in":[19,83,98,145],"interconnect.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"introduces":[24],"a":[25,48,119],"framework":[26],"for":[27],"co-design":[29],"technology,":[31],"interconnect,":[32],"cache":[34,45,101,131,151],"memory":[35,46,102,132,152],"with":[36,70],"tag":[37],"array":[38],"overhead,":[39],"to":[40,136],"optimize":[41],"using":[47],"variety":[49],"emerging":[51,142],"interconnect":[52,61,68,143],"technologies.":[53],"In":[54],"addition,":[55],"we":[56],"introduce":[57],"an":[58],"innovative":[59],"E-Tree":[60],"aimed":[62],"at":[63,149],"further":[64],"decreasing":[65],"average":[67],"length":[69],"consideration":[72],"realistic":[74],"workloads":[75],"benchmark":[77],"against":[78],"its":[79],"traditional":[80],"H-Tree":[81],"counterparts":[82],"terms":[84],"various":[86,130],"metrics,":[88],"such":[89],"energy-delay-area":[91],"product":[92,96],"(EDAP)":[93],"or":[94],"energy-delay":[95],"(EDP)":[97],"system.":[103,153],"A":[104],"comprehensive":[105],"investigation":[106],"design":[108,134],"space":[109],"conducted,":[111],"employing":[112],"realistic,":[113],"deeply":[114],"scaled":[115],"subarray":[116],"designs":[117],"across":[118],"range":[120],"cutting-edge":[122],"nodes.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"case":[127],"study":[128],"examines":[129],"system":[133],"parameters":[135],"assess":[137],"true":[139],"potential":[140],"technologies":[144],"achieving":[146],"optimal":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}