{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402159619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473","title":"Area and Delay Trade-Offs in Three-Way Toom-Cook Large Integer Multipliers Implemented on FPGAs","display_name":"Area and Delay Trade-Offs in Three-Way Toom-Cook Large Integer Multipliers Implemented on FPGAs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402159619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060494944","display_name":"Monalisa Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089896","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/00bb9ch64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089896"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monalisa Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-4347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047992913","display_name":"Babita Jajodia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-930X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089896","display_name":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/00bb9ch64","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089896"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babita Jajodia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-930X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089896"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089896"],"apc_list":{"value":2495,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2495},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76690413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"600","last_page":"609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6280933618545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6220903396606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5559285283088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5387097597122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3523608446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33918094635009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2510221600532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2244451642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1894783079624176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6280933618545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6220903396606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5559285283088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5387097597122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3523608446121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33918094635009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2510221600532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2244451642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1894783079624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3435473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482045298","https://openalex.org/W1582291092","https://openalex.org/W2001121794","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2108453186","https://openalex.org/W2592527754","https://openalex.org/W2606525468","https://openalex.org/W2800398923","https://openalex.org/W2900771846","https://openalex.org/W2904069009","https://openalex.org/W2909853813","https://openalex.org/W2942691585","https://openalex.org/W2953289753","https://openalex.org/W3020526900","https://openalex.org/W3090825405","https://openalex.org/W3099916080","https://openalex.org/W3130406170","https://openalex.org/W3155392819","https://openalex.org/W3158968530","https://openalex.org/W3174403583","https://openalex.org/W4213306896","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4298259840","https://openalex.org/W4319430903","https://openalex.org/W4319430992","https://openalex.org/W4379743214","https://openalex.org/W6636949950","https://openalex.org/W7057881048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2047683846","https://openalex.org/W2044902158","https://openalex.org/W2109912052","https://openalex.org/W1711527768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,106],"demand":[1],"for":[2,67,74],"efficient":[3,26],"large":[4,37],"integer":[5,38],"polynomial":[6,39],"multiplications":[7,40],"in":[8,31,55,102],"present":[9],"day":[10],"crypto-systems":[11],"is":[12,29,59,113],"the":[13,16,24,48,80,88,116,120,137,146],"need":[14],"of":[15,23,36,87,119],"hour.":[17],"Toom-Cook":[18,43],"multiplication":[19,27,45,70,77,90,140],"algorithm":[20,28,46],"being":[21],"one":[22],"most":[25],"discussed":[30],"this":[32,56],"work.":[33],"limitations":[35],"using":[41,94],"three-way":[42],"(Toom-3)":[44],"and":[47,111,115],"methods":[49,66,91,123,141],"to":[50,145],"overcome":[51],"it":[52,131],"are":[53,92,124],"presented":[54],"paper.":[57],"This":[58],"done":[60,93],"by":[61,126],"implementing":[62],"two":[63],"different":[64],"division-free":[65],"symmetric":[68],"Toom-3":[69,76,139],"as":[71,73],"well":[72],"asymmetric":[75],"based":[78],"on":[79],"input":[81],"operand":[82],"size":[83],"(N).":[84],"Hardware":[85],"implementations":[86],"proposed":[89,121,138],"Virtex-7":[95],"Field":[96],"Programmable":[97],"Gate":[98],"Array":[99],"(FPGA)":[100],"device":[101],"Xilinx":[103],"ISE":[104],"platform.":[105],"trade-off":[107],"between":[108],"hardware":[109],"utilization":[110],"speed":[112],"noted,":[114],"overall":[117],"performance":[118],"design":[122],"measured":[125],"calculating":[127],"Area-Time-Product":[128],"(ATP).":[129],"Practically,":[130],"has":[132],"been":[133],"observed":[134],"that":[135],"both":[136],"performs":[142],"better":[143],"compared":[144],"existing":[147],"state-of-the-art":[148],"designs.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
