{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387","title":"SpiMAM: CMOS Implementation of Bio-Inspired Spiking Multidirectional Associative Memory Featuring In-Situ Learning","display_name":"SpiMAM: CMOS Implementation of Bio-Inspired Spiking Multidirectional Associative Memory Featuring In-Situ Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043934496","display_name":"Sahibia Kaur Vohra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-9552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sahibia Kaur Vohra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091642484","display_name":"Mahendra Sakare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendra Sakare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017719665","display_name":"Alex Pappachen James","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158338959","display_name":"University of Kerala","ror":"https://ror.org/05tqa9940","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158338959"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex P. James","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Systems and Automation, Digital University Kerala, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Systems and Automation, Digital University Kerala, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158338959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038798963","display_name":"Devarshi Mrinal Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119241673","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Ropar","ror":"https://ror.org/02qkhhn56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devarshi Mrinal Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043934496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119241673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61918354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6564614772796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.6366375088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-storage","display_name":"Content-addressable storage","score":0.5919415950775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5802561044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.5667202472686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45433148741722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.4339580535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3781939744949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3372091054916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31198135018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.26973608136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14067575335502625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6564614772796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.6366375088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128613","display_name":"Content-addressable storage","level":4,"score":0.5919415950775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5802561044692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5667202472686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45433148741722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.4339580535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3781939744949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3372091054916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31198135018348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26973608136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14067575335502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3427387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2396911174","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRG/2021/007283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W2104835989","https://openalex.org/W2155954834","https://openalex.org/W2169158123","https://openalex.org/W2260028708","https://openalex.org/W2310532019","https://openalex.org/W2433248078","https://openalex.org/W2552568312","https://openalex.org/W2586822200","https://openalex.org/W2594536680","https://openalex.org/W2795874008","https://openalex.org/W2800653266","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2810068957","https://openalex.org/W2944974444","https://openalex.org/W2963883579","https://openalex.org/W2964124294","https://openalex.org/W2982632705","https://openalex.org/W2991418313","https://openalex.org/W2991698235","https://openalex.org/W2999740435","https://openalex.org/W3036289739","https://openalex.org/W3043058650","https://openalex.org/W3201018227","https://openalex.org/W3203708282","https://openalex.org/W4285413655","https://openalex.org/W4360930349","https://openalex.org/W4367663259","https://openalex.org/W4377001511","https://openalex.org/W4383337792","https://openalex.org/W4387329177","https://openalex.org/W4387623873","https://openalex.org/W4388405432","https://openalex.org/W4390691144","https://openalex.org/W6695745367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989420504","https://openalex.org/W279701215","https://openalex.org/W2125477157","https://openalex.org/W4321273133","https://openalex.org/W3145837419","https://openalex.org/W3103704822","https://openalex.org/W2093404141","https://openalex.org/W2109692706","https://openalex.org/W2107697999","https://openalex.org/W1902246517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Associative":[0],"memory":[1,35,51],"(AM)":[2],"robustly":[3],"retrieves":[4],"information":[5],"from":[6],"given":[7],"partial":[8],"data.":[9],"Compared":[10,192],"to":[11,109,140,161,193],"artificial":[12],"neural":[13,18,36,53],"network":[14,19,37],"(ANN)-based":[15],"AM,":[16],"spiking":[17,76,148],"(SNN)-based":[20],"AM":[21],"offers":[22],"greater":[23],"bio-plausibility,":[24],"sparsity,":[25],"and":[26,124,136,189,204],"message":[27],"storage":[28,123],"capacity.":[29],"Recently,":[30],"an":[31,47],"ANN-based":[32,48],"multidirectional":[33],"associative":[34,50],"(MAMNN)":[38],"for":[39,85,122,179,209],"handling":[40],"multiple":[41],"associations":[42],"was":[43,83,150,174],"implemented":[44,151],"by":[45],"extending":[46],"bidirectional":[49],"(BAM)":[52],"network.":[54],"In":[55],"comparison,":[56],"this":[57,197],"study":[58],"implements":[59],"SpiMAM,":[60],"a":[61,69,91,97,101],"more":[62],"bio-plausible":[63],"MAMNN":[64,77,149],"based":[65],"on":[66],"SNN":[67],"with":[68],"winner-take-all":[70],"mechanism.":[71],"The":[72,116,143,166],"circuit":[73,99,114,145,171],"design":[74],"of":[75,90,100,126,146,168,172,213,217],"(SpiMAM)":[78],"employing":[79],"in-situ":[80],"synaptic":[81,117],"training":[82],"proposed":[84,170],"the":[86,111,120,141,147,153,169,194,210],"first":[87],"time.":[88],"Instead":[89],"memristor":[92,95],"device":[93],"or":[94],"model,":[96],"CMOS":[98,112,159],"memristive":[102,187],"synapse":[103],"featuring":[104],"spike-timing-dependent-plasticity":[105],"(STDP)":[106],"is":[107],"used":[108],"incorporate":[110],"integrated":[113],"challenges.":[115],"weights":[118],"in":[119,155],"crossbar":[121],"association":[125],"patterns":[127],"were":[128],"trained":[129],"on-chip":[130],"without":[131],"requiring":[132],"additional":[133],"computing":[134],"platforms":[135],"digital":[137],"circuitry":[138],"attached":[139],"synapse.":[142],"entire":[144],"at":[152],"transistor-level":[154],"180":[156],"nm":[157],"standard":[158],"technology":[160],"demonstrate":[162],"pattern":[163,211],"recognition":[164,212],"applications.":[165],"robustness":[167],"SpiMAM":[173],"evaluated":[175],"through":[176],"post-layout":[177],"simulations":[178],"PVT,":[180],"mismatch":[181],"variation,":[182],"pixel":[183,225],"flip,":[184],"hard":[185],"faults,":[186],"drifts,":[188],"Gaussian":[190],"noise.":[191],"previous":[195],"work,":[196],"work":[198],"uses":[199],"86":[200],"%":[201,206],"fewer":[202,207],"synapses":[203],"70":[205],"neurons":[208],"nine":[214],"binary":[215],"images":[216],"<inline-formula":[218],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[219],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[220],"<tex-math":[221],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$5\\times":[222],"3$":[223],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[224],"size.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
