{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399425985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819","title":"A Review of Sub- \u03bc W CMOS Analog Computing Circuits for Instant 1-Dimensional Audio Signal Processing in Always-On Edge Devices","display_name":"A Review of Sub- \u03bc W CMOS Analog Computing Circuits for Instant 1-Dimensional Audio Signal Processing in Always-On Edge Devices","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399425985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039575274","display_name":"Zhangming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023015877","display_name":"Lichen Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichen Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77338311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"9","first_page":"4009","last_page":"4018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6919841766357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-electronics","display_name":"Audio electronics","score":0.6329038739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal-processing","display_name":"Audio signal processing","score":0.6148868799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580499529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.572491466999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5404767394065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.4867091476917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instant","display_name":"Instant","score":0.4490988850593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44627389311790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4413524866104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.438070684671402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.40237927436828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.3639428913593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3537512421607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2195514738559723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13563820719718933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6919841766357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200411354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15190726","display_name":"Audio electronics","level":5,"score":0.6329038739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.6148868799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580499529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.572491466999054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5404767394065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.4867091476917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779432360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963779","display_name":"Instant","level":2,"score":0.4490988850593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44627389311790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4413524866104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.438070684671402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.40237927436828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.3639428913593292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3537512421607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2195514738559723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13563820719718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5870840838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7234679820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92164301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921800214","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108043710","https://openalex.org/W2141242995","https://openalex.org/W2344185339","https://openalex.org/W2596998695","https://openalex.org/W2801517310","https://openalex.org/W2910654386","https://openalex.org/W2944216546","https://openalex.org/W2973127906","https://openalex.org/W2990491261","https://openalex.org/W3005812750","https://openalex.org/W3009189007","https://openalex.org/W3049281117","https://openalex.org/W3108446354","https://openalex.org/W3109340983","https://openalex.org/W3112266032","https://openalex.org/W3121073040","https://openalex.org/W3133679594","https://openalex.org/W3134530122","https://openalex.org/W3135783778","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3158340984","https://openalex.org/W3160224578","https://openalex.org/W3165298721","https://openalex.org/W3185337636","https://openalex.org/W3193610036","https://openalex.org/W4220800505","https://openalex.org/W4221068451","https://openalex.org/W4281286824","https://openalex.org/W4285201316","https://openalex.org/W4286359898","https://openalex.org/W4307814148","https://openalex.org/W4309324389","https://openalex.org/W4312309180","https://openalex.org/W4312555112","https://openalex.org/W4360606428","https://openalex.org/W4366850666","https://openalex.org/W4380739032","https://openalex.org/W4383500220","https://openalex.org/W4384161931","https://openalex.org/W4385656556","https://openalex.org/W4387868798","https://openalex.org/W4392745730","https://openalex.org/W4401635345"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3184203841","https://openalex.org/W1526651343","https://openalex.org/W2371215329","https://openalex.org/W1862020018","https://openalex.org/W2289868279","https://openalex.org/W2157165686","https://openalex.org/W2088690926","https://openalex.org/W2146634268","https://openalex.org/W2069094726","https://openalex.org/W2498536136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reducing":[0],"the":[1,32,53,100,114],"power":[2,48,97],"consumption":[3,98],"of":[4,18,55,82,102,104,117],"intelligence":[5],"edge":[6,69],"devices":[7,70],"that":[8,89],"require":[9],"long":[10],"standby":[11],"periods":[12],"is":[13,85],"highly":[14],"significant.":[15],"The":[16,95],"use":[17],"CMOS":[19],"analog":[20,59,119],"computing":[21,60,120],"circuits":[22,61],"for":[23,43,62],"instant":[24,63],"feature":[25],"extraction":[26],"and":[27,47,76],"wake-up":[28],"signal":[29,34,40,66],"generation":[30],"from":[31],"sensed":[33],"has":[35,106],"emerged":[36],"as":[37],"an":[38],"efficient":[39],"processing":[41,67],"paradigm":[42],"data":[44],"volume":[45],"reduction":[46],"minimization.":[49],"This":[50],"review":[51],"highlights":[52],"progress":[54],"ultra-low-power":[56],"(sub-$\\mu":[57],"$W)":[58],"1-dimensional":[64],"audio":[65],"in":[68,71,99],"recent":[72],"years,":[73],"at":[74],"architecture":[75],"circuit":[77],"levels.":[78],"A":[79],"comparative":[80],"analysis":[81],"existing":[83],"works":[84],"presented,":[86],"offering":[87],"choices":[88],"cater":[90],"to":[91],"various":[92],"performance":[93],"requirements.":[94],"low":[96],"range":[101],"tens":[103],"nanowatts":[105],"been":[107],"achieved.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"we":[110],"provide":[111],"insights":[112],"into":[113],"future":[115],"potential":[116],"these":[118],"circuits.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2024-06-08T00:00:00"}
