{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399568415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648","title":"A 32-Gb/s Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver With Asymmetric Termination and Equalization Techniques for Next-Generation Memory Interfaces","display_name":"A 32-Gb/s Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver With Asymmetric Termination and Equalization Techniques for Next-Generation Memory Interfaces","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399568415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737775","display_name":"Hyuntae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-1609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuntae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-1609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103015342","display_name":"Yunseong Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunseong Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-1624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005660235","display_name":"Sanghun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3746-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3746-4741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012513260","display_name":"Eunsang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-3901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunsang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080650403","display_name":"Young Bong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-1441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359866","display_name":"Jae\u2010Woo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-8811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewoo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110230051","display_name":"Myoungbo Kwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myoungbo Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038856252","display_name":"Jung-Hwan Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-4734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hwan Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-4734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100886208","display_name":"Youngdon Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngdon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056788062","display_name":"Jaeduk Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-7670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeduk Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-7670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8907332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"11","first_page":"4912","last_page":"4923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.8432519435882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.7687526941299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5353178381919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3976215720176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32936519384384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2948395609855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2011813521385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09420710802078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08835288882255554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.8432519435882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.7687526941299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5353178381919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3976215720176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32936519384384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2948395609855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2011813521385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09420710802078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08835288882255554}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3408648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970650021","https://openalex.org/W2016108465","https://openalex.org/W2094024001","https://openalex.org/W2105696031","https://openalex.org/W2132401365","https://openalex.org/W2132542265","https://openalex.org/W2145590995","https://openalex.org/W2625056576","https://openalex.org/W2788907470","https://openalex.org/W2911439915","https://openalex.org/W2943775206","https://openalex.org/W3043373922","https://openalex.org/W3107847738","https://openalex.org/W3116643975","https://openalex.org/W3194509024","https://openalex.org/W4210513028","https://openalex.org/W4286571838","https://openalex.org/W4312814462","https://openalex.org/W4385080033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2783437851","https://openalex.org/W4249165909","https://openalex.org/W1672137312","https://openalex.org/W1650483958","https://openalex.org/W2320869333","https://openalex.org/W1924731896","https://openalex.org/W4310608455","https://openalex.org/W3116108134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17,43,93,100,105,180,195],"high-speed":[4,50],"single-ended":[5],"4-level":[6],"pulse":[7],"amplitude":[8],"modulation":[9],"(PAM-4)":[10],"transceiver":[11,167],"for":[12,30,82],"next-generation":[13],"memory":[14],"interfaces,":[15],"achieving":[16],"data":[18],"rate":[19,183],"of":[20,86,125,184,203],"32Gb/s.":[21],"The":[22,47,67,132,166],"proposed":[23],"asymmetrically":[24],"terminated":[25],"PAM-4":[26,145,151],"driver":[27],"is":[28],"optimized":[29],"pseudo":[31],"open":[32],"drain":[33],"(POD)":[34],"channel":[35,210],"configurations":[36],"and":[37,76,104,116,129,140,147,199],"improves":[38],"signal-to-noise":[39],"ratio":[40],"(SNR)":[41],"with":[42,72,109,194],"larger":[44],"output":[45],"swing.":[46],"dynamic":[48],"logic-based":[49],"4-to-1":[51],"serializer":[52],"enhances":[53],"the":[54,64,87,90,122,149,161,208],"transmitter":[55],"output\u2019s":[56],"jitter":[57],"characteristic":[58],"by":[59,157],"avoiding":[60],"high-frequency":[61,114],"components":[62],"in":[63,170],"selection":[65],"signals.":[66],"4-tap":[68],"feed-forward":[69],"equalizer":[70,96,154],"(FFE)":[71],"two":[73],"operation":[74,156],"modes":[75],"one":[77],"sliding":[78],"tap":[79],"flexibly":[80],"compensates":[81],"inter-symbol":[83],"interference":[84],"(ISI)":[85],"channel.":[88],"In":[89],"receiver":[91],"frontend,":[92],"continuous-time":[94],"linear":[95],"(CTLE),":[97],"which":[98],"utilizes":[99],"trans-admittance":[101],"stage":[102],"(TAS)":[103],"trans-impedance":[106],"amplifier":[107],"(TIA)":[108],"an":[110,200],"inductive":[111],"load,":[112],"provides":[113],"boosting":[115],"robust":[117],"single-to-differential":[118],"conversion":[119],"performance":[120],"through":[121],"design":[123],"techniques":[124],"current":[126],"source":[127],"gain-boosting":[128],"capacitive":[130],"compensation.":[131],"low":[133],"kickback":[134],"noise":[135,141],"comparators":[136],"mitigate":[137],"clock":[138],"feedthrough":[139],"coupling":[142],"during":[143],"multi-phase":[144],"sampling":[146,163],"embed":[148],"1-tap":[150],"decision":[152],"feedback":[153],"(DFE)":[155],"directly":[158],"feeding":[159],"back":[160],"previous":[162],"phase\u2019s":[164],"outputs.":[165],"prototype":[168],"fabricated":[169],"28-nm":[171],"CMOS":[172],"technology":[173],"occupies":[174],"0.126":[175],"mm2.":[176],"At":[177],"32":[178],"Gb/s,":[179],"bit":[181],"error":[182],"under":[185],"<inline-formula":[186],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[187],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[188],"<tex-math":[189],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10^{-12}$":[190],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[191],"was":[192],"achieved":[193],"6.25%":[196],"eye":[197],"margin":[198],"energy":[201],"efficiency":[202],"3.37":[204],"pJ/bit":[205],"while":[206],"equalizing":[207],"6.87-dB":[209],"loss":[211],"at":[212],"8":[213],"GHz.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
