{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391248448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464","title":"A 16.38TOPS and 4.55POPS/W SRAM Computing-in-Memory Macro for Signed Operands Computation and Batch Normalization Implementation","display_name":"A 16.38TOPS and 4.55POPS/W SRAM Computing-in-Memory Macro for Signed Operands Computation and Batch Normalization Implementation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391248448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040563637","display_name":"Xin Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039548811","display_name":"Qingyu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-3933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066653944","display_name":"Xiyuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2181-9042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011379172","display_name":"Jiahao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-1905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-1905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102763687","display_name":"Renjie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-5763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renjie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457532","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0087-3082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002760019","display_name":"Runsheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-0767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-0767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002438548","display_name":"Yuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MoE), MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9039,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85327227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"1706","last_page":"1718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.8281919956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7260674238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5905841588973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5369662046432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5231986045837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5156461000442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5062719583511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5061072707176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4721814692020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bch-code","display_name":"BCH code","score":0.45611780881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.41397055983543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.41009029746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39561864733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33500319719314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19778287410736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1302659511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.11959245800971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11289361119270325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.8281919956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7260674238204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5905841588973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5369662046432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5231986045837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5156461000442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5062719583511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5061072707176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4721814692020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42276685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795705","display_name":"BCH code","level":3,"score":0.45611780881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.41397055983543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41009029746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39561864733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33500319719314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19778287410736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1302659511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.11959245800971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11289361119270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2024.3353464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G927165947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2527492855","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2775637085","https://openalex.org/W2790511620","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2831610400","https://openalex.org/W2898665561","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2922487710","https://openalex.org/W2964176059","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3013739639","https://openalex.org/W3015432327","https://openalex.org/W3015655039","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3016021860","https://openalex.org/W3017968097","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3044878782","https://openalex.org/W3104353813","https://openalex.org/W3106120796","https://openalex.org/W3128966520","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3134244351","https://openalex.org/W3134304371","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W3134893068","https://openalex.org/W3135701542","https://openalex.org/W3135835558","https://openalex.org/W3163974534","https://openalex.org/W3164913974","https://openalex.org/W3170773788","https://openalex.org/W3184281067","https://openalex.org/W4220958508","https://openalex.org/W4220990849","https://openalex.org/W4221038786","https://openalex.org/W4280533641","https://openalex.org/W4280536295","https://openalex.org/W4280594598","https://openalex.org/W4286571722","https://openalex.org/W4286571856","https://openalex.org/W4286571878","https://openalex.org/W4319459123","https://openalex.org/W4320713062","https://openalex.org/W4365800488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2556282987","https://openalex.org/W1533508804","https://openalex.org/W2912502034","https://openalex.org/W2319574489","https://openalex.org/W2035908476","https://openalex.org/W2506979107","https://openalex.org/W4239727543","https://openalex.org/W2050923821","https://openalex.org/W2506885233","https://openalex.org/W2612882049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"applications":[3],"impose":[4],"rigorous":[5],"demands":[6],"on":[7,170],"local":[8],"hardware":[9],"to":[10,25,119,159],"improve":[11],"throughput":[12,121,151],"and":[13,22,59,84,109,122,127,152,182],"energy":[14,44,125,155],"efficiency.":[15],"Computing-in-memory":[16],"(CIM)":[17],"architectures":[18],"provide":[19],"high":[20],"parallel":[21],"energy-efficient":[23],"solutions":[24],"accelerate":[26],"the":[27,104,110,123,133,140,171],"multiply-and-accumulate":[28],"(MAC)":[29],"operations":[30,86],"in":[31,87],"neural":[32,89],"networks":[33],"(NNs).":[34],"While":[35],"SRAM-based":[36,67],"charge-domain":[37],"CIM":[38,72,146],"is":[39,167],"achieving":[40],"thousands":[41],"of":[42,94,106,165],"TOPS/W":[43],"efficiency,":[45,156],"it":[46],"encounters":[47],"limitations":[48],"when":[49],"dealing":[50],"with":[51,81,174],"full":[52],"NN":[53],"model":[54,173],"deployments":[55],"where":[56],"both":[57,157],"activations":[58,181],"weights":[60],"are":[61],"signed.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"proposes":[65],"an":[66],"signed":[68,82],"batch":[69],"normalization":[70],"(BN)":[71],"macro":[73,96,147],"for":[74,103,132],"supporting":[75],"efficient":[76],"bitwise":[77],"sparse":[78],"MAC":[79],"computation":[80],"operands":[83],"BN":[85,134,176],"deep":[88],"networks.":[90],"The":[91,162],"key":[92],"features":[93],"this":[95],"encompass:":[97],"1)":[98],"a":[99,115,129],"multibit":[100],"weight":[101],"unit":[102],"optimization":[105],"bitstream":[107],"sparsity":[108],"sign":[111],"bit":[112],"computation,":[113],"2)":[114],"2b-serial":[116],"input":[117],"configuration":[118],"increase":[120],"ADC":[124],"amortization,":[126],"3)":[128],"quantization-hardware":[130],"co-design":[131,175],"implementation.":[135],"Measurement":[136],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"proposed":[141],"28":[142],"nm":[143],"64":[144],"Kb":[145],"achieves":[148],"16.38":[149],"TOPS":[150],"4.55":[153],"POPS/W":[154],"normalized":[158],"1b":[160],"operands.":[161],"test":[163],"accuracy":[164],"CIFAR10":[166],"92%,":[168],"based":[169],"ResNet18":[172],"implementation":[177],"at":[178],"signed-8b":[179],"precision":[180],"weights.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}