{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389459482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115","title":"High-Speed Nonlinear Circuit Macromodeling Using Hybrid-Module Clockwork Recurrent Neural Network","display_name":"High-Speed Nonlinear Circuit Macromodeling Using Hybrid-Module Clockwork Recurrent Neural Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389459482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001577290","display_name":"Fatemeh Charoosaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7554-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Charoosaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061330386","display_name":"Amin Faraji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-6190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Faraji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-6190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071856983","display_name":"Sayed Alireza Sadrossadat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Alireza Sadrossadat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-1167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048300855","display_name":"Ali Mirvakili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-4552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112536369","display_name":"Yazd University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x99ac45","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mirvakili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-4552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112536369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004005905","display_name":"Weicong Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-5124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weicong Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-5124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028975396","display_name":"Feng Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3569-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726170","display_name":"Qi\u2010Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-5331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi-Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-5331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3053,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84734895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"767","last_page":"780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.773414134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.772126317024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.647710919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6289168000221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clockwork","display_name":"Clockwork","score":0.5855740308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4467568099498749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4133818745613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36423391103744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36341673135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08810174465179443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.773414134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.772126317024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.647710919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6289168000221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112795245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400734","display_name":"Clockwork","level":2,"score":0.5855740308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4467568099498749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4133818745613098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36423391103744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36341673135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08810174465179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3337115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4855500653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6720261135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077090243","https://openalex.org/W2077560834","https://openalex.org/W2112877014","https://openalex.org/W2116663670","https://openalex.org/W2144188877","https://openalex.org/W2145379447","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2160219580","https://openalex.org/W2164606483","https://openalex.org/W2746538135","https://openalex.org/W2787037604","https://openalex.org/W2810689581","https://openalex.org/W2896253122","https://openalex.org/W2900767630","https://openalex.org/W2901295164","https://openalex.org/W2901508430","https://openalex.org/W2924203149","https://openalex.org/W2962949994","https://openalex.org/W2963726789","https://openalex.org/W2968784654","https://openalex.org/W2972081475","https://openalex.org/W3011675012","https://openalex.org/W3017318748","https://openalex.org/W3025117302","https://openalex.org/W3081617066","https://openalex.org/W3106074051","https://openalex.org/W3107924654","https://openalex.org/W3115337101","https://openalex.org/W3119696219","https://openalex.org/W3127483310","https://openalex.org/W3139016650","https://openalex.org/W3146559208","https://openalex.org/W3158928873","https://openalex.org/W3178919729","https://openalex.org/W3200286837","https://openalex.org/W3214924456","https://openalex.org/W4231501498","https://openalex.org/W4285286030","https://openalex.org/W4293732148","https://openalex.org/W4296338953","https://openalex.org/W4312050779","https://openalex.org/W4313052839","https://openalex.org/W4365790165","https://openalex.org/W6685322675","https://openalex.org/W6743485176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006008002","https://openalex.org/W2176458066","https://openalex.org/W4313445842","https://openalex.org/W2567278883","https://openalex.org/W3006180803","https://openalex.org/W4296485774","https://openalex.org/W4206979407","https://openalex.org/W3012338352","https://openalex.org/W2607940916","https://openalex.org/W2405229739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,105,159],"the":[1,6,23,41,80,113,124,136,162,169,192,195,199,209,225,228],"computer-aided":[2],"design":[3],"(CAD)":[4],"area,":[5],"recurrent":[7],"neural":[8],"network":[9],"(RNN)":[10],"has":[11],"shown":[12],"notable":[13],"functionality":[14],"in":[15,25,145,187,213],"generating":[16],"fast":[17],"and":[18,34,64,83,134,141],"high-performance":[19],"models":[20,24,109,196,211],"rather":[21],"than":[22,129],"simulation":[26,205,214],"tools.":[27,215],"Predicting":[28],"time":[29],"sequences":[30,44],"is":[31,47,88,127,138],"a":[32,65,89,96,116,122],"pervasive":[33],"challenging":[35],"problem":[36],"that":[37,45,177],"may":[38],"require":[39],"identifying":[40],"dependencies":[42,111],"between":[43],"RNN":[46,56,98],"capable":[48],"of":[49,68,95,119,155,157,180,183,191,227],"performing.":[50],"Despite":[51],"all":[52],"its":[53,84],"features,":[54],"conventional":[55,97,130],"still":[57],"faces":[58],"challenges":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61,172],"limited":[62],"accuracy":[63,189],"large":[66,117],"number":[67,118],"parameters.":[69,120],"Therefore,":[70],"we":[71,167],"propose":[72],"new":[73,164,174],"macromodeling":[74],"methods":[75],"for":[76,115],"nonlinear":[77,217],"circuits":[78],"called":[79],"Clockwork-RNN":[81],"(CWRNN)":[82],"hybrid":[85],"version":[86],"which":[87],"more":[90],"powerful":[91],"but":[92],"simpler":[93],"implementation":[94],"architecture":[99],"with":[100,151],"relatively":[101,139],"little":[102],"model":[103],"complexity.":[104],"addition,":[106],"CWRNN":[107,137,171],"inherently":[108],"complex":[110],"without":[112],"need":[114],"As":[121],"result,":[123],"computational":[125],"cost":[126],"less":[128],"RNN.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"understanding":[133],"implementing":[135],"simple":[140],"provides":[142],"great":[143],"flexibility":[144],"architectural":[146],"configuration":[147],"by":[148],"introducing":[149],"modules":[150,179],"several":[152],"clock":[153],"rates":[154],"exponents":[156,182],"2.":[158],"addition":[160],"to":[161,208,223],"above":[163],"modeling":[165,175,230],"technique,":[166],"proposed":[168,200,229],"Hybrid-Module":[170],"another":[173],"method":[176],"utilizes":[178],"various":[181],"different":[184],"numbers":[185],"resulting":[186],"further":[188],"improvement":[190],"CWRNN.":[193],"Furthermore,":[194],"obtained":[197],"from":[198],"techniques":[201],"required":[202],"much":[203],"smaller":[204],"times":[206],"compared":[207],"current":[210],"used":[212],"Three":[216],"high-frequency":[218],"examples":[219],"have":[220],"been":[221],"utilized":[222],"verify":[224],"benefits":[226],"methods.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
