{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387951849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559","title":"Novel Optimized Implementations of Lightweight Cryptographic S-Boxes via SAT Solvers","display_name":"Novel Optimized Implementations of Lightweight Cryptographic S-Boxes via SAT Solvers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387951849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026089797","display_name":"Jingya Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingya Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8109-1201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027674774","display_name":"Yongzhuang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-4865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhuang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3371-4865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056616258","display_name":"Fengrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-6975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-6975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039271966","display_name":"Enes Pa\u0161ali\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-8796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118905719","display_name":"University of Primorska","ror":"https://ror.org/05xefg082","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enes Pasalic","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-8796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118905719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041316526","display_name":"Yu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1777-9439"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88807019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"334","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.7901381254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6707091331481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6539118885993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6458852291107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.4940629303455353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ansi-c","display_name":"ANSI C","score":0.43238940834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41918236017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3730352520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36936241388320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32090651988983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.31927478313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2667301595211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.26118093729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0901554524898529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.7901381254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6707091331481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6539118885993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6458852291107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.4940629303455353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158100120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931402","display_name":"ANSI C","level":3,"score":0.43238940834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41918236017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3730352520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36936241388320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32090651988983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.31927478313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2667301595211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.26118093729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0901554524898529}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3325559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4028623752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AD20238082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4292803698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019GXNSFGA245004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4785875618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62162016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780546674","display_name":"Bent\u51fd\u6570\u548cplateaued\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6784\u9020\u548c\u5206\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43543470","https://openalex.org/W45372631","https://openalex.org/W153516704","https://openalex.org/W1517717760","https://openalex.org/W1562545139","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1959383191","https://openalex.org/W2281317404","https://openalex.org/W2497867845","https://openalex.org/W2504919933","https://openalex.org/W2741840250","https://openalex.org/W2794709452","https://openalex.org/W3022726304","https://openalex.org/W3037774646","https://openalex.org/W3045281960","https://openalex.org/W3046486933","https://openalex.org/W3046879246","https://openalex.org/W3091726562","https://openalex.org/W3206836621","https://openalex.org/W3207692244","https://openalex.org/W3209589236","https://openalex.org/W3215994486","https://openalex.org/W4205906257","https://openalex.org/W4206767789","https://openalex.org/W4220684665","https://openalex.org/W4226156519","https://openalex.org/W4229453080","https://openalex.org/W4240033684","https://openalex.org/W4246856544","https://openalex.org/W4295066811","https://openalex.org/W4360985615","https://openalex.org/W4389159474","https://openalex.org/W6601770845","https://openalex.org/W6705065176","https://openalex.org/W6810565311","https://openalex.org/W6813634145","https://openalex.org/W6842762537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2188872161","https://openalex.org/W2002978035","https://openalex.org/W2961779879","https://openalex.org/W797688974","https://openalex.org/W2209382646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"optimized":[1],"implementation":[2,129],"of":[3,12,37,53,61,64,77,91,99,135,164,180,213],"S-boxes":[4,24,134,165,211],"has":[5],"a":[6,82,126],"significant":[7],"impact":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,35,38,51,59,62,75,86,94,112,133,153,178,192,209],"performance":[11],"cryptographic":[13,168],"primitives.":[14],"SAT-based":[15,70],"methods":[16,72],"can":[17,199],"find":[18],"optimal":[19],"implementations":[20,52,76,90,163],"for":[21,161],"moderately":[22],"sized":[23],"but":[25],"their":[26],"efficiency":[27,36,96],"decreases":[28],"when":[29,125,208],"handling":[30],"complex":[31],"S-boxes.":[32,54,78],"To":[33],"improve":[34],"implementations,":[39],"we":[40,56],"propose":[41],"two":[42],"different":[43],"methods,":[44,114],"namely":[45],"OR-encoding":[46],"and":[47,67,93,120,138,146,175,205],"IF-encoding,":[48],"to":[49,73,80,111,188,191,202],"encode":[50],"Furthermore,":[55,196],"also":[57],"simplify":[58],"encoding":[60,103],"outputs":[63],"logic":[65],"gates":[66],"introduce":[68],"new":[69],"search":[71,87,95],"optimize":[74],"Finally,":[79],"get":[81],"better":[83],"trade-off":[84],"between":[85],"results":[88],"(optimized":[89],"S-boxes)":[92],"(in":[97],"terms":[98],"time":[100],"complexity),":[101],"an":[102],"scheme":[104],"using":[105],"local":[106],"solutions":[107],"is":[108,130],"proposed.":[109],"Compared":[110],"previous":[113],"our":[115,197],"algorithms":[116],"are":[117,159,212],"relatively":[118],"simple":[119],"more":[121],"efficient.":[122],"For":[123],"instance,":[124],"serial":[127],"software":[128],"considered,":[131],"then":[132],"Sycon,":[136],"ASCON,":[137],"the$\\chi":[139],"$function":[140],"in":[141,166],"Xoodyak,":[142],"require":[143],"6,":[144],"1,":[145],"2":[147],"fewer":[148],"programming":[149],"instructions,":[150],"respectively,":[151],"than":[152],"best":[154,194],"known":[155],"methods.":[156],"Similar":[157],"improvements":[158],"obtained":[160],"hardware":[162],"some":[167],"primitives":[169],"(e.g.":[170],"LBlock,":[171],"RECTANGLE,":[172],"PRESENT/PHOTON-Beetle,":[173],"TWINE,":[174],"ASCON),":[176],"with":[177],"saving":[179],"gate":[181],"equivalent":[182],"(GE)":[183],"that":[184],"range":[185],"from":[186],"1.67GE":[187],"5.34GE":[189],"compared":[190],"current":[193],"implementations.":[195],"model":[198],"be":[200],"applied":[201],"6-bit,":[203],"7-bit,":[204],"8-bit":[206],"S-boxes,":[207],"considered":[210],"low":[214],"complexity.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}