{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386320484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071","title":"Carry Disregard Approximate Multipliers","display_name":"Carry Disregard Approximate Multipliers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386320484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006190563","display_name":"Nima Amirafshar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4361-8095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Amirafshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4361-8095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004349556","display_name":"Ahmad Sedigh Baroughi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-2816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Sadigh Baroughi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016964685","display_name":"Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-0993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Shahriar Shahhoseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6042-0993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050080301","display_name":"Nima TaheriNejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["AT","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima TaheriNejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Engineering, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","Institute for Computer Technology (ICT), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-0332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Engineering, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Technology (ICT), TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8527,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85552219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"12","first_page":"4840","last_page":"4853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.7430505752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6614886522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5591421723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carry","display_name":"Carry (investment)","score":0.5333390831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-path-method","display_name":"Critical path method","score":0.5052059292793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4892594814300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.4541179835796356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41080939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.29137909412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1765804886817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11590322852134705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7430505752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6614886522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5591421723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.5333390831947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115874739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825377","display_name":"Critical path method","level":2,"score":0.5052059292793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4892594814300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154579607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3373850","display_name":"Peak signal-to-noise ratio","level":3,"score":0.4541179835796356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41080939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29137909412384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1765804886817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11590322852134705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3306071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065359960","https://openalex.org/W2106484393","https://openalex.org/W2121819644","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2135089667","https://openalex.org/W2244005500","https://openalex.org/W2265166184","https://openalex.org/W2497368240","https://openalex.org/W2535375934","https://openalex.org/W2577531088","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2606856030","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2742536119","https://openalex.org/W2752317749","https://openalex.org/W2765809286","https://openalex.org/W2790285612","https://openalex.org/W2799283557","https://openalex.org/W2800491064","https://openalex.org/W2808327285","https://openalex.org/W2900613774","https://openalex.org/W2914247084","https://openalex.org/W2919007701","https://openalex.org/W2940946419","https://openalex.org/W2946066476","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3010038952","https://openalex.org/W3021587158","https://openalex.org/W3032939875","https://openalex.org/W3037801075","https://openalex.org/W3047528894","https://openalex.org/W3048414096","https://openalex.org/W3127399361","https://openalex.org/W3159417175","https://openalex.org/W3179283977","https://openalex.org/W4212908708","https://openalex.org/W4214819191","https://openalex.org/W4249697915","https://openalex.org/W4285168067","https://openalex.org/W4285199350","https://openalex.org/W4309241483","https://openalex.org/W4312121017","https://openalex.org/W4312355976","https://openalex.org/W4313496500","https://openalex.org/W4313496513","https://openalex.org/W4319663701","https://openalex.org/W4319865988","https://openalex.org/W6797744843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229867111","https://openalex.org/W2793180915","https://openalex.org/W2386495035","https://openalex.org/W1582047458","https://openalex.org/W2071291085","https://openalex.org/W2113094707","https://openalex.org/W1514266315","https://openalex.org/W2121819644","https://openalex.org/W4226372077","https://openalex.org/W4239625882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"challenges":[1],"in":[2,108],"improving":[3],"the":[4,41,48,69,82,86,103,109,121,125,131,153],"performance":[5],"of":[6,17,28,155,159],"computing":[7,14],"systems":[8],"have":[9,112,129,150,163],"given":[10],"rise":[11],"to":[12,33,81,102,120],"emerging":[13],"paradigms.":[15],"One":[16],"these":[18],"paradigms":[19],"is":[20],"approximate":[21,57,105],"computing.":[22],"Many":[23],"applications":[24],"require":[25],"different":[26],"levels":[27],"accuracy":[29],"and":[30,45,67,74,92,97,116,135,140,168,177],"are":[31],"error-tolerance":[32],"a":[34,53,156],"certain":[35],"degree.":[36],"Approximate":[37],"computations":[38],"can":[39],"reduce":[40,85],"calculation":[42],"complexities":[43],"significantly":[44],"thus":[46],"improve":[47],"performance.":[49],"Here,":[50],"we":[51,149],"propose":[52],"methodology":[54],"for":[55],"designing":[56],"N-bit":[58],"array":[59,106],"multipliers":[60,71,128],"based":[61],"on":[62,99,142],"carry":[63],"disregarding.":[64],"We":[65],"evaluate":[66],"analyze":[68],"proposed":[70,77,126,160],"both":[72],"experimentally":[73],"theoretically.":[75],"The":[76],"8-bit":[78],"multipliers,":[79,161],"compared":[80],"exact":[83,122],"multiplier,":[84,124],"critical":[87],"path":[88],"delay,":[89,132],"power":[90,133],"consumption,":[91,134],"area":[93,136],"by":[94,137],"29%,":[95,96],"30%,":[98],"average.":[100,143],"Compared":[101,119],"existing":[104],"architectures":[107],"literature,":[110],"they":[111],"improved":[113],"14.3%,":[114],"22.8%,":[115],"26.4%,":[117],"respectively.":[118,179],"16-bit":[123,127],"reduced":[130],"35%,":[138],"24%,":[139],"23%":[141],"In":[144],"an":[145],"image":[146],"processing":[147],"application,":[148],"also":[151],"demonstrated":[152],"applicability":[154],"wide":[157],"range":[158],"which":[162],"Peak":[164],"Signal-to-Noise":[165],"Ratio":[166],"(PSNR)":[167],"Structural":[169],"Similarity":[170],"Index":[171],"Measure":[172],"(SSIM)":[173],"over":[174],"30":[175],"dB":[176],"94%,":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}