{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386078204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941","title":"Digital Hardware Implementation of Morris-Lecar, Izhikevich, and Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Models With High Accuracy and Low Resources","display_name":"Digital Hardware Implementation of Morris-Lecar, Izhikevich, and Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron Models With High Accuracy and Low Resources","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386078204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055887844","display_name":"Milad Ghanbarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8377-6905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151845","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkxne09","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Ghanbarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Faculty, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8377-6905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Faculty, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090358989","display_name":"Ali Naderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-9805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69425150","display_name":"Imam Khomeini International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jeykk09","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69425150"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Naderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9891-9805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69425150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023870555","display_name":"Behzad Ghanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151845","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkxne09","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Basic Sciences, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Basic Sciences, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087888767","display_name":"Saeed Haghiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-7951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151845","display_name":"Kermanshah University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkxne09","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Haghiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Faculty, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-7951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Faculty, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100833525","display_name":"Arash Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Carleton, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-5967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Carleton, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94333985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"4447","last_page":"4455"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6327747106552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6304836273193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neuron-model","display_name":"Biological neuron model","score":0.5975604057312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hodgkin\u2013huxley-model","display_name":"Hodgkin\u2013Huxley model","score":0.5929709076881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neuron","display_name":"Artificial neuron","score":0.48216360807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4163815379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38731685280799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33070802688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3257632851600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.31814083456993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.31507909297943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09510400891304016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6327747106552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6304836273193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186565885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651163","display_name":"Biological neuron model","level":3,"score":0.5975604057312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101877181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995215","display_name":"Hodgkin\u2013Huxley model","level":2,"score":0.5929709076881409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177058","display_name":"Artificial neuron","level":3,"score":0.48216360807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4163815379142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38731685280799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33070802688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3257632851600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.31814083456993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.31507909297943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09510400891304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3303941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576838367","https://openalex.org/W1591154115","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1989412295","https://openalex.org/W1997012944","https://openalex.org/W2005031511","https://openalex.org/W2009375605","https://openalex.org/W2031306733","https://openalex.org/W2032832574","https://openalex.org/W2037748403","https://openalex.org/W2044702567","https://openalex.org/W2045917633","https://openalex.org/W2046424015","https://openalex.org/W2059118682","https://openalex.org/W2073148407","https://openalex.org/W2127712540","https://openalex.org/W2127932818","https://openalex.org/W2154959070","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2314109860","https://openalex.org/W2345307768","https://openalex.org/W2409941231","https://openalex.org/W2528063041","https://openalex.org/W2752739218","https://openalex.org/W2753120380","https://openalex.org/W2810961922","https://openalex.org/W2890218259","https://openalex.org/W2891137210","https://openalex.org/W2891805427","https://openalex.org/W2919634026","https://openalex.org/W2942026623","https://openalex.org/W3011050208","https://openalex.org/W3094313818","https://openalex.org/W3104751959","https://openalex.org/W3201278119","https://openalex.org/W4210793531","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4281648048","https://openalex.org/W4285218612","https://openalex.org/W4306732047","https://openalex.org/W4313591410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3156692721","https://openalex.org/W1963878023","https://openalex.org/W2290010419","https://openalex.org/W4293223818","https://openalex.org/W4376108686","https://openalex.org/W2566912715","https://openalex.org/W2478903081","https://openalex.org/W2311701565","https://openalex.org/W3011050208","https://openalex.org/W4386078204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,107,128],"neuron":[1,18,21,59,105],"can":[2,13,96,144,163],"be":[3,145],"called":[4],"the":[5,31,83,89,99,103,115,124,136,160,165,168,180,198,204,225],"main":[6],"cell":[7,24],"of":[8,36,56,71,91,102,130,135,167,179,200,216],"a":[9,43,69,212,229],"nervous":[10],"system":[11],"that":[12,140,178],"transmit":[14],"messages":[15],"from":[16],"one":[17],"to":[19,122,175,197,210,224],"another":[20,23],"or":[22],"through":[25],"electrical":[26],"signals.":[27],"In":[28],"neuromorphic":[29],"engineering,":[30],"hardware":[32,49,131,201],"realization":[33],"and":[34,51,54,64,112,133,150,183,189,220],"simulation":[35,126],"these":[37],"neurons":[38,217],"are":[39],"crucial.":[40],"To":[41],"accomplish":[42],"proper":[44],"digital":[45],"implementation":[46,154],"(i.e.":[47],"reducing":[48,88],"resources":[50,202],"increasing":[52],"speed":[53],"accuracy)":[55],"three":[57],"important":[58],"models":[60,170],"including":[61],"Hodgkin-Huxley,":[62],"Morris-Lecar,":[63],"Izhikevich,":[65],"this":[66],"study":[67],"proposes":[68],"set":[70],"multiplier-less":[72],"mathematical":[73,125],"equations":[74,85],"based":[75,86],"on":[76,87,114,159,228],"converting":[77],"nonlinear":[78],"functions":[79],"to$2^{x}$functions.":[80],"Then":[81],"optimizes":[82],"proposed":[84,137,169,193,205],"number":[90,215],"different$2^{x}$terms.":[92],"suggested":[94,108],"model":[95,109,138,182,227],"accurately":[97],"recreate":[98],"behavioral":[100],"characteristics":[101],"original":[104,181,226],"models.":[106,194],"was":[110],"synthesized":[111],"implemented":[113],"Zynq":[116],"XC7Z010":[117],"(3CLG400)":[118],"reconfigurable":[119],"board":[120],"(FPGA)":[121],"validate":[123],"findings.":[127],"results":[129],"synthesizing":[132],"implementations":[134],"show":[139],"different":[141,192],"biological":[142],"behavior":[143],"replicated":[146],"with":[147],"greater":[148],"efficiency":[149],"at":[151,171],"substantially":[152],"reduced":[153],"costs.":[155],"This":[156],"method":[157],"(implemented":[158],"zynq":[161,231],"board)":[162],"raise":[164],"frequency":[166],"least":[172],"by":[173],"up":[174],"3.5":[176],"times":[177],"reduce":[184],"power":[185],"consumption":[186],"between":[187],"20%":[188],"60%":[190],"for":[191],"Also,":[195],"due":[196],"reduction":[199],"in":[203],"model,":[206],"it":[207],"is":[208],"possible":[209],"implement":[211],"much":[213],"larger":[214],"(between":[218],"4":[219],"12":[221],"times)":[222],"relative":[223],"single":[230],"board.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
