{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385832274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899","title":"Reliability Exploration of System-on-Chip With Multi-Bit-Width Accelerator for Multi-Precision Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Reliability Exploration of System-on-Chip With Multi-Bit-Width Accelerator for Multi-Precision Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385832274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/294650","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046207386","display_name":"Quan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-3258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-3258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038495391","display_name":"Mingqiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-3985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-3985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056167336","display_name":"Changhai Man","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-3904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhai Man","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-3904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055425079","display_name":"Ao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074001551","display_name":"Liuyao Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuyao Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853402","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002405139","display_name":"Masanori Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046207386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88675618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"10","first_page":"3978","last_page":"3991"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6677606701850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6552455425262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5898001194000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5742565393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5643383264541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.53664630651474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4960237443447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.45671430230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.43456417322158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42464613914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.22809168696403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19213905930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12546086311340332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6677606701850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6552455425262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5898001194000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5742565393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5643383264541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.53664630651474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4960237443447113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.45671430230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.43456417322158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42464613914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.22809168696403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19213905930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12546086311340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3300899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01221:0006845366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/294650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01221:0006845366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2433/294650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6550208139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP19H05664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017369466","https://openalex.org/W2033589075","https://openalex.org/W2061205755","https://openalex.org/W2062132293","https://openalex.org/W2119293553","https://openalex.org/W2125369517","https://openalex.org/W2135254996","https://openalex.org/W2585560244","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2793950911","https://openalex.org/W2883183116","https://openalex.org/W2889339831","https://openalex.org/W2903175372","https://openalex.org/W2913135501","https://openalex.org/W2945387900","https://openalex.org/W2946485102","https://openalex.org/W2962860921","https://openalex.org/W2963526839","https://openalex.org/W2964259004","https://openalex.org/W2977767665","https://openalex.org/W2987956272","https://openalex.org/W2997958863","https://openalex.org/W2999241864","https://openalex.org/W3003453708","https://openalex.org/W3004061291","https://openalex.org/W3008072732","https://openalex.org/W3009452684","https://openalex.org/W3013072087","https://openalex.org/W3023025073","https://openalex.org/W3023961462","https://openalex.org/W3096533519","https://openalex.org/W3100543277","https://openalex.org/W3106556803","https://openalex.org/W3116917247","https://openalex.org/W3120425629","https://openalex.org/W3130441010","https://openalex.org/W3131458535","https://openalex.org/W3146456515","https://openalex.org/W3166646190","https://openalex.org/W3186796872","https://openalex.org/W4200142736","https://openalex.org/W4205110895","https://openalex.org/W4240639369","https://openalex.org/W4283717919","https://openalex.org/W4285250061","https://openalex.org/W4289792783","https://openalex.org/W4297336601","https://openalex.org/W4312918110","https://openalex.org/W4313465452","https://openalex.org/W4360993865","https://openalex.org/W6738784006","https://openalex.org/W6756887525","https://openalex.org/W6761158446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W1175778682","https://openalex.org/W2089988144","https://openalex.org/W1985703800","https://openalex.org/W2347749188","https://openalex.org/W1972388196","https://openalex.org/W2735419558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,35,125],"networks":[2,201,254],"(DNNs)":[3],"in":[4,61,77,105,143,167,187,243],"safety-critical":[5],"applications":[6],"demand":[7],"high":[8,276],"reliability":[9,56,82,101],"even":[10,65],"when":[11],"running":[12,196],"on":[13,18,131,162,218],"edge-computing":[14],"devices.":[15],"Recent":[16],"works":[17],"System-on-Chip":[19],"(SoC)":[20],"design":[21],"with":[22,90],"state-of-the-art":[23],"(SOTA)":[24],"hardware":[25,53],"artificial":[26],"intelligence":[27],"(AI)":[28],"accelerators":[29],"and":[30,52,86,115,151,183,212,226,237,274],"corresponding":[31],"multi-bit-width":[32],"(MBW)":[33],"convolutional":[34],"network":[36,50],"(CNN)":[37],"generation":[38],"strategies":[39],"show":[40,223],"that":[41,108,224],"MBW":[42,199,210,253],"CNNs":[43,69],"can":[44],"effectively":[45],"explore":[46],"the":[47,72,78,81,84,91,100,137,160,169,180,188,194,203,216,219,233,238,247,271,275],"trade-off":[48,63],"between":[49],"accuracy":[51],"efficiency.":[54],"However,":[55],"has":[57],"not":[58,95],"been":[59],"considered":[60],"such":[62],"analysis,":[64],"though":[66],"highly":[67,118],"quantized":[68],"may":[70],"elevate":[71],"impact":[73,202],"of":[74,83,102,140,209,215],"bit":[75],"flips":[76],"hardware.":[79],"Also,":[80],"microcontroller":[85],"its":[87],"interface":[88],"operating":[89],"AI":[92,113],"accelerator":[93,245],"are":[94,232,246,266,278],"studied.":[96],"This":[97],"work":[98],"evaluates":[99],"DNN":[103],"computation":[104,121],"an":[106],"SoC":[107,161,195],"includes":[109],"a":[110,124,144,163],"processor,":[111],"SOTA":[112],"accelerator,":[114,211],"NN":[116],"models":[117],"optimized":[119],"for":[120],"efficiency":[122],"using":[123],"architecture":[126],"search":[127],"(NAS)":[128],"method.":[129],"Focusing":[130],"neutron-induced":[132],"soft":[133],"error,":[134],"which":[135,168],"is":[136,172],"primary":[138],"source":[139],"bit-flip":[141],"errors":[142,260],"terrestrial":[145],"environment,":[146],"we":[147,158,178,191],"perform":[148],"fault":[149],"injection":[150],"neutron":[152,175],"beam":[153],"experiments.":[154],"For":[155],"these":[156],"experiments,":[157],"prototype":[159],"flash-based":[164],"FPGA":[165],"platform,":[166],"configuration":[170],"memory":[171,230],"robust":[173],"to":[174,258,269,281],"irradiation.":[176],"Then,":[177],"analyze":[179],"experimental":[181],"data":[182,227,265],"identify":[184],"vulnerable":[185,235,250],"components":[186],"system.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"evaluate":[192],"how":[193],"different":[197],"NAS-optimized":[198],"LeNet5":[200],"performance,":[204],"radiation":[205],"sensitivity,":[206],"failure":[207],"rate":[208,214],"crash":[213],"system":[217],"FPGAs.":[220],"Our":[221],"results":[222],"instruction":[225],"tightly":[228],"coupled":[229],"(I/DTCM)":[231],"most":[234,249],"parts":[236],"control":[239],"status":[240],"registers":[241],"(CSRs)":[242],"our":[244],"second":[248],"component.":[251],"Moreover,":[252],"have":[255],"higher":[256],"susceptibility":[257],"critical":[259],"than":[261],"single-precision":[262],"networks,":[263],"low-precision":[264],"more":[267,279],"likely":[268],"affect":[270],"classification":[272],"results,":[273],"bits":[277],"sensitive":[280],"faults.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}