{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385486157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882","title":"Design of High Hardware Efficiency Approximate Floating-Point FFT Processor","display_name":"Design of High Hardware Efficiency Approximate Floating-Point FFT Processor","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385486157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055635944","display_name":"Chenggang Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenggang Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5957-3207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102731041","display_name":"Xuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-0360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329646","display_name":"Tingting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-8167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028722721","display_name":"Jipeng Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jipeng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055800000","display_name":"Chenghua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-0548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734605","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"4283","last_page":"4294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.8588588237762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.6328400373458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-radix-fft-algorithm","display_name":"Split-radix FFT algorithm","score":0.5230068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.511492133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5071735382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.49434447288513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4202865958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3350871205329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3232799470424652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.22682395577430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-analysis","display_name":"Fourier analysis","score":0.11335363984107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","score":0.07964110374450684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.8588588237762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.6328400373458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103755468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103599","display_name":"Split-radix FFT algorithm","level":5,"score":0.5230068564414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.511492133140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5071735382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49434447288513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4202865958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3350871205329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3232799470424652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.22682395577430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.11335363984107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817582","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.07964110374450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3298882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1771746323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070429046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6751356071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506809288","https://openalex.org/W2011571622","https://openalex.org/W2085583284","https://openalex.org/W2159211021","https://openalex.org/W2511080099","https://openalex.org/W2532666285","https://openalex.org/W2572929362","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2752317749","https://openalex.org/W2891993420","https://openalex.org/W2902132001","https://openalex.org/W2904453546","https://openalex.org/W2937421813","https://openalex.org/W2946994569","https://openalex.org/W2966460526","https://openalex.org/W2969472291","https://openalex.org/W2974716363","https://openalex.org/W2995235021","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3009804865","https://openalex.org/W3021533742","https://openalex.org/W3021587158","https://openalex.org/W3100575161","https://openalex.org/W3114552514","https://openalex.org/W3124622419","https://openalex.org/W3193623193","https://openalex.org/W3215356178","https://openalex.org/W4200329666","https://openalex.org/W4210332759","https://openalex.org/W4231896027","https://openalex.org/W4312051007","https://openalex.org/W4312766115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185259940","https://openalex.org/W2168413811","https://openalex.org/W2031343199","https://openalex.org/W2977460836","https://openalex.org/W2113951268","https://openalex.org/W2356814585","https://openalex.org/W4226515754","https://openalex.org/W2200032781","https://openalex.org/W2948041274","https://openalex.org/W2010918451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,172],"Fast":[1],"Fourier":[2,12],"Transformation":[3],"(FFT),":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,73,86,92,124,188],"high-efficiency":[7],"algorithm":[8,90],"of":[9,43,174,187],"the":[10,40,67,98,103,120,141,148,153,163,175,183],"Discrete":[11],"Transform":[13],"(DFT),":[14],"is":[15,63,82,132,180],"widely":[16],"used":[17],"in":[18,50,182],"Digital":[19],"Signal":[20,126],"Processing":[21],"(DSP),":[22],"wireless":[23,189],"communication":[24,190],"systems,":[25],"spectrum":[26,192],"analysis,":[27,193],"and":[28,36,62,91,112,137,165,169,194],"image":[29,195],"processing.":[30],"Approximate":[31],"computing":[32],"has":[33,59],"shown":[34],"effectiveness":[35],"feasibility":[37,173],"to":[38,65,119],"enhance":[39],"hardware":[41],"efficiency":[42,61],"these":[44],"applications.":[45],"However,":[46],"most":[47],"approximate":[48,78,104,143,154,177],"units":[49],"previous":[51,142],"works":[52],"are":[53],"designed":[54],"case":[55],"by":[56,167],"case,":[57],"which":[58,84,131],"low":[60],"difficult":[64],"find":[66],"optimal":[68],"design.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"paper,":[72],"top-down":[74],"design":[75,122,179],"strategy":[76],"for":[77],"floating-point":[79],"(FP)":[80],"FFT":[81,107,178],"proposed,":[83],"includes":[85],"mantissa":[87,99,155],"bit-width":[88,100],"adjustment":[89,101],"step-by-step":[93,149],"multiplier":[94,150,156],"approximation":[95,151],"algorithm.":[96],"With":[97],"algorithm,":[102,152],"64":[105],"FP":[106,144],"achieved":[108],"50%":[109],"area":[110,164],"reduction":[111,117],"70%":[113],"power-delay":[114],"product":[115],"(PDP)":[116],"compared":[118],"exact":[121],"with":[123,157],"60dB":[125],"Noise":[127],"Ratio":[128],"(SNR)":[129],"requirement,":[130],"also":[133],"at":[134],"least":[135],"52%":[136],"33%":[138],"better":[139],"than":[140],"FFT.":[145],"After":[146],"using":[147],"an":[158],"8-bit":[159],"fractional":[160],"part":[161],"reduced":[162],"PDP":[166],"81.15%":[168],"93.70%,":[170],"respectively.":[171],"proposed":[176],"verified":[181],"channel":[184],"estimation":[185],"module":[186],"system,":[191],"processing":[196],"system.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
