{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385154425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737","title":"AnGeL: Fully-Automated Analog Circuit Generator Using a Neural Network Assisted Semi-Supervised Learning Approach","display_name":"AnGeL: Fully-Automated Analog Circuit Generator Using a Neural Network Assisted Semi-Supervised Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385154425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060525404","display_name":"Morteza Fayazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Fayazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-281X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044260173","display_name":"Morteza Tavakoli Taba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morteza Tavakoli Taba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-3363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016591325","display_name":"Ehsan Afshari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Afshari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014250626","display_name":"Ronald Dreslinski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Dreslinski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-4650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060525404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96030762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"4516","last_page":"4529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7390720248222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.665454089641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5858508348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.52622389793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4977433979511261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.4969325363636017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4858269691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schematic","display_name":"Schematic","score":0.4693383276462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46333423256874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4629363417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4344608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36070871353149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35033392906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3420639932155609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3284511864185333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1651860773563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12666478753089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09011250734329224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7390720248222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.665454089641571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5858508348464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.52622389793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4977433979511261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.4969325363636017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4858269691467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192328126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4514647","display_name":"Schematic","level":2,"score":0.4693383276462555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46333423256874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4629363417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4344608187675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36070871353149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35033392906188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3420639932155609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3284511864185333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1651860773563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12666478753089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09011250734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3295737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533970595","https://openalex.org/W1602619587","https://openalex.org/W2046328375","https://openalex.org/W2100128641","https://openalex.org/W2108732866","https://openalex.org/W2119581540","https://openalex.org/W2144133630","https://openalex.org/W2159300347","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2165666706","https://openalex.org/W2216946510","https://openalex.org/W2293743622","https://openalex.org/W2343390272","https://openalex.org/W2590489721","https://openalex.org/W2625568424","https://openalex.org/W2734769279","https://openalex.org/W2736440494","https://openalex.org/W2769791151","https://openalex.org/W2782159825","https://openalex.org/W2783515600","https://openalex.org/W2783569584","https://openalex.org/W2886234657","https://openalex.org/W2886810525","https://openalex.org/W2920545734","https://openalex.org/W2980873517","https://openalex.org/W2989851762","https://openalex.org/W2998324702","https://openalex.org/W3006396504","https://openalex.org/W3036532492","https://openalex.org/W3092618035","https://openalex.org/W3100083105","https://openalex.org/W3107965887","https://openalex.org/W3139016650","https://openalex.org/W3204161648","https://openalex.org/W3211815845","https://openalex.org/W4200312391","https://openalex.org/W4210552504","https://openalex.org/W4226264324","https://openalex.org/W4236314258","https://openalex.org/W4249579837","https://openalex.org/W4252425434","https://openalex.org/W4280536221","https://openalex.org/W4289143671","https://openalex.org/W4298123071","https://openalex.org/W4312754249","https://openalex.org/W4328093220","https://openalex.org/W4353031970","https://openalex.org/W4377079739","https://openalex.org/W4386395536","https://openalex.org/W6631885290","https://openalex.org/W6757150747","https://openalex.org/W6769367258","https://openalex.org/W6856418394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154683910","https://openalex.org/W1846734616","https://openalex.org/W3134543635","https://openalex.org/W2359532622","https://openalex.org/W2921318524","https://openalex.org/W2377571686","https://openalex.org/W4380988671","https://openalex.org/W1925657225","https://openalex.org/W2122222688","https://openalex.org/W1933057227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"has":[3],"shown":[4],"promising":[5],"results":[6,142],"in":[7,15,149],"predicting":[8],"the":[9,20,78,85,94,98,106,124,131,136,152,157,160,171],"behavior":[10,79],"of":[11,33,80,173],"analog":[12,116],"circuits.":[13],"However,":[14],"order":[16],"to":[17,39,76,105,134,151],"completely":[18],"cover":[19],"design":[21,127],"space":[22],"for":[23,48,96,145],"today\u2019s":[24],"complicated":[25,81],"circuits,":[26],"supervised":[27],"ML":[28],"requires":[29],"a":[30,42,65,114],"large":[31],"number":[32],"labeled":[34,68,162],"samples":[35],"which":[36],"is":[37,101,164,175],"time-consuming":[38],"provide.":[40],"Furthermore,":[41],"separate":[43],"dataset":[44],"must":[45],"be":[46],"collected":[47],"each":[49],"circuit":[50,117,126,132,137,147],"topology":[51,133],"making":[52],"all":[53,123],"other":[54],"previously":[55],"gathered":[56],"datasets":[57],"useless.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,110],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,112],"first":[63],"present":[64],"database":[66],"including":[67],"and":[69],"unlabeled":[70,92],"data.":[71],"We":[72],"use":[73],"neural":[74],"networks":[75],"determine":[77],"topologies":[82],"by":[83,166],"combining":[84],"more":[86],"simple":[87],"ones.":[88],"By":[89],"generating":[90],"such":[91],"data,":[93],"time":[95],"providing":[97],"training":[99],"set":[100],"significantly":[102],"reduced":[103,165],"compared":[104],"conventional":[107],"approaches.":[108],"Using":[109],"database,":[111],"propose":[113],"fully-automated":[115],"generator":[118],"framework,":[119],"AnGeL.":[120],"AnGeL":[121,174],"performs":[122],"schematic":[125],"steps":[128],"from":[129],"deciding":[130],"determining":[135],"parameters":[138],"i.e.":[139],"sizing.":[140],"Our":[141],"show":[143],"that":[144],"multiple":[146],"topologies,":[148],"comparison":[150],"state-of-the-art":[153],"works":[154],"while":[155],"maintaining":[156],"same":[158],"accuracy,":[159],"required":[161],"data":[163],"4.7x":[167],"-":[168,177],"1090x.":[169],"Also,":[170],"runtime":[172],"2.9x":[176],"75x":[178],"faster.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
