{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382365709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274","title":"Exploration of Ternary Logic Using T-CMOS for Circuit-Level Design","display_name":"Exploration of Ternary Logic Using T-CMOS for Circuit-Level Design","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382365709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034027990","display_name":"Jonghyun Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghyun Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-7921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064546341","display_name":"Jongbeom Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4047-976X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongbeom Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4047-976X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027639938","display_name":"T. S. Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8914-1616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taegam Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8914-1616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040857221","display_name":"Jae Hoon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehoon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8960-6954","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032455044","display_name":"Taigon Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taigon Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82400933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"3612","last_page":"3624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.80125892162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.6927449107170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.5626419186592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48882290720939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.44633376598358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor-count","display_name":"Transistor count","score":0.4385642409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3930675983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3863414525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35589247941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.34972184896469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3173246383666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3026537001132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23345082998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13553079962730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12678655982017517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.80125892162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.6927449107170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.5626419186592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48882290720939636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.44633376598358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196320899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623746","display_name":"Transistor count","level":4,"score":0.4385642409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3930675983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3863414525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35589247941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.34972184896469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3173246383666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3026537001132965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23345082998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13553079962730408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12678655982017517}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3287274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3843427100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00236772","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500024759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4199990113966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6034890185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A107804514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6697901225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1I1A3073214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487856379","https://openalex.org/W1551597857","https://openalex.org/W2006205140","https://openalex.org/W2025152094","https://openalex.org/W2045574157","https://openalex.org/W2128807770","https://openalex.org/W2129502787","https://openalex.org/W2260663238","https://openalex.org/W2570369295","https://openalex.org/W2606867011","https://openalex.org/W2730925321","https://openalex.org/W2769815858","https://openalex.org/W2773392209","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2895276461","https://openalex.org/W2957769647","https://openalex.org/W2959371354","https://openalex.org/W2960626275","https://openalex.org/W2962939807","https://openalex.org/W2970187632","https://openalex.org/W2975115906","https://openalex.org/W2975458838","https://openalex.org/W3021511176","https://openalex.org/W3022068489","https://openalex.org/W3033545840","https://openalex.org/W3048256726","https://openalex.org/W3048835310","https://openalex.org/W3115650748","https://openalex.org/W3119372155","https://openalex.org/W3120731435","https://openalex.org/W3128007335","https://openalex.org/W3166552477","https://openalex.org/W3175765293","https://openalex.org/W3200782883","https://openalex.org/W4206222163","https://openalex.org/W4254387376","https://openalex.org/W4283387266","https://openalex.org/W4293745039","https://openalex.org/W6661927986","https://openalex.org/W6692521979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183015194","https://openalex.org/W3166220017","https://openalex.org/W2119296295","https://openalex.org/W2622611104","https://openalex.org/W2595074880","https://openalex.org/W2163456301","https://openalex.org/W4206995395","https://openalex.org/W2394021504","https://openalex.org/W2140092109","https://openalex.org/W2076136595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"predicted":[1],"end":[2],"of":[3,9,15,96,121,152,181],"scaling":[4],"and":[5,117,154,176],"the":[6,13,16,22,33,55,72,119,150,164,170,178,182],"exponential":[7],"increase":[8],"user":[10],"data":[11],"in":[12,26,83,88,129],"era":[14],"connected":[17],"world":[18],"are":[19,41],"asking":[20],"whether":[21],"current":[23],"binary":[24],"systems":[25,40],"CMOS":[27],"can":[28,80,100,126],"successfully":[29],"provide":[30,47,92,107,118,163],"solutions":[31,48],"to":[32,46,49,64,110],"expected":[34],"challenges.":[35],"Regarding":[36],"these":[37,50],"challenges,":[38],"ternary":[39,67,114,124,136,156,167,184],"showing":[42],"a":[43,77,93,108,112],"high":[44],"potential":[45],"known":[51],"issues.":[52],"In":[53,103],"detail,":[54,104],"tunnelling-based":[56],"MOSFET":[57],"(T-CMOS)":[58],"is":[59,173],"reported":[60],"as":[61],"promising":[62],"compared":[63],"any":[65],"other":[66],"devices":[68],"studied.":[69],"However,":[70],"despite":[71],"potential,":[73],"studies":[74],"lack":[75],"how":[76,97,122],"complete":[78],"system":[79,185],"be":[81,101,127],"designed":[82,128],"actual":[84],"T-CMOS-based":[85,98,183],"circuitry.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91,106,162],"holistic":[94],"study":[95],"circuits":[99],"designed.":[102],"1)":[105],"pathway":[109],"designing":[111],"balanced":[113,166],"full":[115],"adder":[116,168],"fundamental":[120],"combinational":[123,153],"logic":[125,137],"T-CMOS.":[130,140],"2)":[131],"We":[132,142],"present":[133,143],"various":[134,144],"sequential":[135,155],"based":[138],"on":[139,159],"3)":[141],"circuit":[145],"techniques":[146],"that":[147,169],"could":[148],"enhance":[149,177],"performance":[151],"logic.":[157],"Based":[158],"our":[160],"study,":[161],"first":[165],"transistor":[171],"count":[172],"only":[174],"42":[175],"operating":[179],"frequency":[180],"by$5.6\\times":[186],"$to$58.5\\times":[187],"$.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
