{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4352977370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089","title":"A 0.0058-mm<sup>2</sup> Inductor-Less CMOS Active Balun With Gain and Phase Errors Within \u22120.1 \u00b1 0.2 dB and \u22120.18 \u00b1 1.17<sup>\u00b0</sup> From DC to 8 GHz","display_name":"A 0.0058-mm<sup>2</sup> Inductor-Less CMOS Active Balun With Gain and Phase Errors Within \u22120.1 \u00b1 0.2 dB and \u22120.18 \u00b1 1.17<sup>\u00b0</sup> From DC to 8 GHz","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4352977370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036254177","display_name":"Keisuke Kawahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180203408","display_name":"Yokohama National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zyp6p76","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180203408"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Kawahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan","Department of Mathematics, Physics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-057X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Physics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180203408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081578714","display_name":"Yohtaro Umeda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yohtaro Umeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090784820","display_name":"Kyoya Takano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-3191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoya Takano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061363370","display_name":"Shinsuke Hara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinsuke Hara","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-9725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48238982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"2317","last_page":"2330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balun","display_name":"Balun","score":0.9178985357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.641772985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.6385841965675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6021127700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4229554235935211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41912710666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4104105532169342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40891534090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3563707768917084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.236508309841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1682852804660797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114489654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q805838","display_name":"Balun","level":3,"score":0.9178985357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.641772985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.6385841965675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6021127700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4229554235935211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41912710666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4104105532169342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40891534090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3563707768917084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.236508309841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1682852804660797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3257089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981559370","https://openalex.org/W1985441789","https://openalex.org/W2012743477","https://openalex.org/W2033555407","https://openalex.org/W2061445210","https://openalex.org/W2085467379","https://openalex.org/W2092828688","https://openalex.org/W2098555889","https://openalex.org/W2106553188","https://openalex.org/W2109210049","https://openalex.org/W2110276913","https://openalex.org/W2113648382","https://openalex.org/W2120200547","https://openalex.org/W2121177096","https://openalex.org/W2121226030","https://openalex.org/W2126305501","https://openalex.org/W2131853386","https://openalex.org/W2133446615","https://openalex.org/W2134510298","https://openalex.org/W2136360241","https://openalex.org/W2138546878","https://openalex.org/W2143301002","https://openalex.org/W2157391701","https://openalex.org/W2158842273","https://openalex.org/W2166417864","https://openalex.org/W2208373281","https://openalex.org/W2318921437","https://openalex.org/W2517419670","https://openalex.org/W2736237444","https://openalex.org/W2768270699","https://openalex.org/W2791088241","https://openalex.org/W2801012606","https://openalex.org/W2892139633","https://openalex.org/W2944562250","https://openalex.org/W2980769293","https://openalex.org/W3004338474","https://openalex.org/W3027789147","https://openalex.org/W3049155030","https://openalex.org/W3104967446","https://openalex.org/W3153950272","https://openalex.org/W3195540375","https://openalex.org/W3200826584","https://openalex.org/W4229839752","https://openalex.org/W4286364674","https://openalex.org/W4298334616","https://openalex.org/W6646635411","https://openalex.org/W6673850908","https://openalex.org/W6676929997","https://openalex.org/W6677732882","https://openalex.org/W6678342645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011144988","https://openalex.org/W4386249970","https://openalex.org/W2160660340","https://openalex.org/W2979048520","https://openalex.org/W2422781170","https://openalex.org/W3013760104","https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W2243730253","https://openalex.org/W2229772108","https://openalex.org/W4391036621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49,97],"paper":[1,50],"presents":[2],"a":[3,37,64,112,118,127,131,138,188],"low-imbalance":[4],"and":[5,17,45,54,116,143,185],"inductor-less":[6],"active":[7],"balun.":[8],"The":[9,107,146,176],"large":[10,104],"immittance":[11],"of":[12,42,122,149,161,168],"the":[13,40,43,46,55,69,73,84,90,94,150,158,162,166,169,173],"parasitics":[14],"increases":[15],"gain":[16],"phase":[18],"errors":[19,181],"in":[20,30,111],"single-ended-to-differential":[21],"conversion":[22],"at":[23],"high":[24],"frequencies.":[25],"Positive":[26],"feedback":[27,44,70],"is":[28,36,83],"effective":[29],"reducing":[31],"these":[32],"errors.":[33,145],"However,":[34],"there":[35],"trade-off":[38],"between":[39],"stability":[41],"imbalance":[47,74],"correction.":[48],"analyzes":[51],"this":[52],"trade-off,":[53],"common-mode":[56],"rejection":[57],"ratio":[58],"(CMRR)":[59],"was":[60,109,134,153],"improved":[61],"by":[62],"adding":[63],"capacitor.":[65],"Besides,":[66],"we":[67,164],"established":[68],"loops":[71],"for":[72,79],"correction":[75],"are":[76],"also":[77,93],"available":[78],"bandwidth":[80],"extension,":[81],"that":[82,102],"additional":[85],"capacitor":[86],"improves":[87],"not":[88],"only":[89],"CMRR":[91,171],"but":[92],"high-frequency":[95],"gain.":[96],"peaking":[98],"technique":[99],"removes":[100],"inductors":[101],"consume":[103],"chip":[105],"areas.":[106],"balun":[108],"fabricated":[110,151],"0.18-$\\mu":[113],"\\text{m}$CMOS":[114],"process":[115],"achieved":[117],"small":[119,180],"core":[120],"area":[121],"0.0058":[123],"mm2.":[124],"In":[125],"addition,":[126],"self-bias":[128],"scheme":[129],"using":[130],"current":[132,141],"mirror":[133],"devised.":[135],"It":[136],"ensures":[137],"good":[139],"bias":[140],"balance":[142],"reduces":[144],"manufacturing":[147],"variation":[148,189],"baluns":[152],"statistically":[154],"evaluated.":[155],"To":[156],"obtain":[157],"99.7%":[159],"limit":[160],"CMRR,":[163],"extended":[165],"theory":[167],"random":[170],"to":[172,194],"complex":[174],"plane.":[175],"measurement":[177],"results":[178],"demonstrated":[179],"within":[182],"\u22120.1\u00b10.2":[183],"dB":[184],"\u22120.18\u00b11.17\u00b0":[186],"including":[187],"of$\\pm":[190],"3\\sigma":[191],"$from":[192],"DC":[193],"8.0":[195],"GHz.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}