{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327521802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","title":"A Study of a Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Architecture Realizing QAM Directly in RF Domain","display_name":"A Study of a Millimeter-Wave Transmitter Architecture Realizing QAM Directly in RF Domain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327521802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/4358591/10071716.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/4358591/10071716.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032927971","display_name":"Mohammad Oveisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-7114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Oveisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076881053","display_name":"Huan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005519078","display_name":"Payam Heydari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-1559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Payam Heydari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Center for Pervasive Communication and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Depart-ment of Biomedical Engineering, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Center for Pervasive Communication and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Center for Pervasive Communication and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Depart-ment of Biomedical Engineering, Nanoscale Communication Integrated Circuits (NCIC) Labs, Center for Pervasive Communication and Computing, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032927971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91520075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"2243","last_page":"2256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.7356231212615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.7092059850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6561222076416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.567279577255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4899829924106598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.48899734020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4227026700973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.4196200966835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39793750643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3731113076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.36352312564849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3559664189815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2950112819671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21072235703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.21017012000083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.18617480993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.12449100613594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10443904995918274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.7356231212615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.7092059850692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6561222076416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.567279577255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4899829924106598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.48899734020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4227026700973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4196200966835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41576290130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39793750643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3731113076210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.36352312564849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3559664189815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2950112819671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21072235703468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.21017012000083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.18617480993270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.12449100613594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10443904995918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/4358591/10071716.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2023.3255109","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/4358591/10071716.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6019529810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1646275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G976619516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1646275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327521802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4327521802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W958993015","https://openalex.org/W1648168223","https://openalex.org/W1992500569","https://openalex.org/W2002579833","https://openalex.org/W2009169305","https://openalex.org/W2018434599","https://openalex.org/W2089253234","https://openalex.org/W2089758813","https://openalex.org/W2101397645","https://openalex.org/W2128793804","https://openalex.org/W2129057069","https://openalex.org/W2133101318","https://openalex.org/W2142184691","https://openalex.org/W2148590742","https://openalex.org/W2165698242","https://openalex.org/W2166826179","https://openalex.org/W2277972258","https://openalex.org/W2333839130","https://openalex.org/W2519812166","https://openalex.org/W2752111207","https://openalex.org/W2765813617","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2807122255","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W2965104716","https://openalex.org/W2970628702","https://openalex.org/W2981823839","https://openalex.org/W3091481975","https://openalex.org/W3161389208","https://openalex.org/W3201926265","https://openalex.org/W4220787334","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W4285233326","https://openalex.org/W6675872981","https://openalex.org/W6681958863","https://openalex.org/W6734601217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W2901356766","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2384946145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Realization":[0],"of":[1,13,36,57,70,78,82,95,120,134],"high-order":[2],"modulation":[3],"schemes":[4],"directly":[5],"in":[6],"the":[7,11,33,68,76,83,105,109,118,131,135,140],"RF":[8],"domain":[9],"enables":[10],"generation":[12],"spectrally":[14],"efficient":[15],"<inline-formula":[16,24,37],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[17,25,38],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[18,26,39],"<tex-math":[19,27,40],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$4^M$</tex-math>":[20,28],"</inline-formula>":[21,29,42],"quadrature-amplitude-modulated":[22],"(":[23],"QAM)":[30],"symbols":[31],"using":[32],"vectorial":[34],"summation":[35],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M$</tex-math>":[41],"quadrature":[43],"phase-shift":[44],"keying":[45],"(QPSK)":[46],"signals":[47],"whose":[48],"amplitudes":[49],"are":[50,115],"progressively":[51],"scaled":[52],"by":[53],"a":[54,91],"constant":[55],"factor":[56],"two.":[58],"Called":[59],"RF-QAM,":[60],"this":[61],"approach":[62],"leads":[63],"to":[64,139],"numerous":[65],"advantages":[66],"including":[67],"elimination":[69],"power-hungry":[71],"digital-to-analog":[72],"converter":[73],"(DAC)":[74],"and":[75,97,108,117],"mitigation":[77],"stringent":[79],"linearity":[80],"requirement":[81],"front-end":[84],"power":[85],"amplifier":[86],"(PA).":[87],"This":[88],"paper":[89],"presents":[90],"comprehensive":[92],"comparative":[93],"study":[94],"RF-QAM":[96,136],"conventional":[98,141],"transmitters.":[99],"The":[100],"design":[101],"issues":[102],"associated":[103],"with":[104],"front":[106],"end":[107],"mixed-signal":[110],"blocks":[111],"for":[112],"both":[113],"architectures":[114],"investigated,":[116],"performance":[119,133],"these":[121],"two":[122],"designs":[123],"is":[124],"compared.":[125],"Various":[126],"circuit-and":[127],"system-level":[128],"simulations":[129],"verify":[130],"superior":[132],"transmitter":[137],"compared":[138],"counterpart.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
