{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313016887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","title":"Optimized MASH-SR Divider Controller for Fractional-<i>N</i> Frequency Synthesizers","display_name":"Optimized MASH-SR Divider Controller for Fractional-<i>N</i> Frequency Synthesizers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313016887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09999158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09999158.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006966423","display_name":"Dawei Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-4384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099932","display_name":"National Microelectronics Applications Centre (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012k6p920","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099932"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland","Microelectronic Circuits Centre Ireland (MCCI), Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronic Circuits Centre Ireland (MCCI), Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058028927","display_name":"Michael Peter Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-1056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099932","display_name":"National Microelectronics Applications Centre (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/012k6p920","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099932"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Peter Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland","Microelectronic Circuits Centre Ireland (MCCI), Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronic Circuits Centre Ireland (MCCI), Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006966423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I4210099932"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58660047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"1057","last_page":"1070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.7519418001174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6641404628753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5923575758934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5218738317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.4113452434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4017978310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3796919286251068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3756219148635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3674888610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29556161165237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.280678927898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.199083149433136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.171036034822464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.14390698075294495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.7519418001174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6641404628753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5923575758934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5218738317489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.4113452434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4017978310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3796919286251068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3756219148635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3674888610839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29556161165237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.280678927898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.199083149433136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.171036034822464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.14390698075294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09999158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3230634","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09999158.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578627687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TC-2015-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","funder_display_name":"Enterprise Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2604199617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20/FFP-A/8371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3173289178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20/FFP-A/8371","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","funder_display_name":"Enterprise Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G856380500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TC-2015-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320834","display_name":"Enterprise Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/023z51242"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313016887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313016887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500373038","https://openalex.org/W1591892647","https://openalex.org/W1966226491","https://openalex.org/W1983278401","https://openalex.org/W2091853556","https://openalex.org/W2117873004","https://openalex.org/W2125005103","https://openalex.org/W2127063672","https://openalex.org/W2150912637","https://openalex.org/W2157470323","https://openalex.org/W2163231597","https://openalex.org/W2171035445","https://openalex.org/W2340962936","https://openalex.org/W2501462716","https://openalex.org/W2740751239","https://openalex.org/W2794970359","https://openalex.org/W2797437671","https://openalex.org/W2801062342","https://openalex.org/W2922052506","https://openalex.org/W2977196623","https://openalex.org/W2991438287","https://openalex.org/W2996929733","https://openalex.org/W3000836004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097407725","https://openalex.org/W2548491887","https://openalex.org/W2955641057","https://openalex.org/W2031274516","https://openalex.org/W2421111280","https://openalex.org/W1752694187","https://openalex.org/W2601368767","https://openalex.org/W4386071874","https://openalex.org/W2104694153","https://openalex.org/W2098358062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,67],"divider":[1,27,56,77],"controller":[2,28,57],"in":[3],"a":[4,31,70,94],"conventional":[5,112],"phase-locked":[6],"loop":[7],"fractional-":[8],"<inline-formula":[9],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[10],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[11],"<tex-math":[12],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N$":[13],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[14],"frequency":[15],"synthesizer":[16],"modulates":[17],"the":[18,23,86,108],"instantaneous":[19],"division":[20],"ratio":[21],"of":[22,37,72,76],"feedback":[24],"divider.":[25],"is":[29],"typically":[30],"digital":[32,44],"circuit":[33],"that":[34],"performs":[35],"quantization":[36],"its":[38,111],"input":[39],"signal.":[40],"Multi-stage":[41],"noise":[42],"shaping":[43],"delta-sigma":[45],"modulators":[46],"(MASH":[47],"DDSMs)":[48],"and":[49,62,88,106,115],"successive":[50],"requantizer":[51],"(SRs)":[52],"are":[53],"two":[54,74],"representative":[55],"architectures":[58],"offering":[59],"lower":[60,82],"complexity":[61],"better":[63,89],"spur":[64],"performance,":[65],"respectively.":[66],"MASH-SR,":[68],"as":[69],"hybrid":[71,105],"these":[73],"classes":[75],"controllers,":[78],"can":[79],"achieve":[80],"both":[81],"hardware":[83],"cost":[84],"than":[85,93],"SR":[87,116],"performance":[90],"against":[91],"spurs":[92],"MASH":[95,113],"DDSM.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"work,":[99],"we":[100],"present":[101],"an":[102],"optimized":[103],"MASH-SR":[104],"compare":[107],"design":[109],"with":[110],"DDSM":[114],"counterparts.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
