{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312904656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","title":"Ultra-Low-Power Sub-1 V 29 ppm/\u00b0C Voltage Reference and Shared-Resistive Current Reference","display_name":"Ultra-Low-Power Sub-1 V 29 ppm/\u00b0C Voltage Reference and Shared-Resistive Current Reference","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312904656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09972849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09972849.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085630611","display_name":"Darshan Shetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-1465","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-1465"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darshan Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-1465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089368506","display_name":"Christoph Steffan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-878X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-878X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Steffan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9594-878X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072607483","display_name":"Gerald Holweg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Holweg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007966001","display_name":"Wolfgang B\u00f6sch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-6811","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-6811"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang B\u00f6sch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-6811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044415658","display_name":"Jasmin Grosinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-5919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-5919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasmin Grosinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-5919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"fwci":2.3344,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8894336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"1030","last_page":"1042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"voltage reference","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-reference","display_name":"current reference","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power-circuits","display_name":"ultra-low-power circuits","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-coefficient","display_name":"temperature coefficient","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature-correction","display_name":"curvature correction","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistors","display_name":"bipolar transistors","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/130-nm-cmos","display_name":"130 nm CMOS","score":0.8149999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5103051662445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36996614933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.24022811651229858}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09972849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3225574","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10052778/09972849.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323031","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/028jc0449"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312904656.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312904656.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533614470","https://openalex.org/W1557514514","https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W1971472382","https://openalex.org/W2010569096","https://openalex.org/W2014954900","https://openalex.org/W2032429251","https://openalex.org/W2146031070","https://openalex.org/W2149296784","https://openalex.org/W2151940289","https://openalex.org/W2160509435","https://openalex.org/W2334125845","https://openalex.org/W2415748780","https://openalex.org/W2584442328","https://openalex.org/W2592861018","https://openalex.org/W2753758886","https://openalex.org/W2763794291","https://openalex.org/W2769467480","https://openalex.org/W2790202563","https://openalex.org/W2921971922","https://openalex.org/W2943354215","https://openalex.org/W2943815876","https://openalex.org/W2960368580","https://openalex.org/W2965577611","https://openalex.org/W2978954010","https://openalex.org/W2984640384","https://openalex.org/W3032063456","https://openalex.org/W3044024037","https://openalex.org/W3046266258","https://openalex.org/W3089565037","https://openalex.org/W3094010898","https://openalex.org/W3202067238","https://openalex.org/W4210593523","https://openalex.org/W4312036159","https://openalex.org/W4312693849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694","https://openalex.org/W2911598644","https://openalex.org/W2142036596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,17,27,38,43,83],"curvature-compensated":[4],"sub-1V":[5],"voltage":[6,40,53,93],"reference":[7,14,97],"(VR)":[8],"and":[9,54,68,100],"shared-resistive":[11],"nanoampere":[12],"current":[13,55],"(CR)":[15],"in":[16],"130nm":[18],"CMOS":[19],"process.":[20],"The":[21,50,71,90],"CR":[22],"is":[23,34,98,105],"used":[24],"to":[25],"generate":[26],"bipolar":[28],"junction":[29],"transistor":[30],"complementary-to-absolute-temperature":[31],"voltage,":[32],"which":[33],"summed":[35],"up":[36],"with":[37],"proportional-to-absolute-temperature":[39],"generated":[41],"using":[42],"summing":[44],"network":[45],"of":[46,94],"PMOS":[47],"gate-coupled":[48],"pairs.":[49],"measured":[51,72],"output":[52],"references":[56],"from":[57],"10":[58],"chips":[59],"($V_{\\mathrm":[60],"{REF}}$and$I_{\\mathrm":[61,77],"{REF}}$)":[62],"at":[63],"room":[64],"temperature":[65,74,84],"are":[66],"469mV":[67],"1.86nA,":[69],"respectively.":[70],"average":[73],"coefficient":[75],"of$V_{\\mathrm":[76],"{REF}}$are":[78],"29ppm$/^{\\circ}":[79],"\\text{C}$and":[80],"822ppm$/^{\\circ}":[81],"\\text{C}$over":[82],"range":[85],"from$-":[86],"40^{\\circ}":[87],"\\text{C}$to$120^{\\circ}":[88],"\\text{C}$.":[89],"minimum":[91],"supply":[92],"the":[95,101],"voltage-current":[96],"0.95V,":[99],"total":[102],"power":[103],"consumption":[104],"30nW.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}