{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213391248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","title":"MC-CIM: Compute-in-Memory With Monte-Carlo Dropouts for Bayesian Edge Intelligence","display_name":"MC-CIM: Compute-in-Memory With Monte-Carlo Dropouts for Bayesian Edge Intelligence","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213391248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","mag":"3213391248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067601336","display_name":"Priyesh Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-8944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priyesh Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012487463","display_name":"Shamma Nasrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamma Nasrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087116179","display_name":"Nastaran Darabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-4267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nastaran Darabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090790565","display_name":"Wilfred Gomes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilfred Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028132107","display_name":"Amit Ranjan Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Ranjan Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067601336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92639214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"884","last_page":"896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6785158514976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5493606328964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.5032066702842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.47702595591545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.45438113808631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12525582313537598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785158514976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5493606328964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.5032066702842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47702595591545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.45438113808631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44596540927886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.42503392696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12525582313537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3224703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8657564338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2046435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582134693","https://openalex.org/W1494192115","https://openalex.org/W1567512734","https://openalex.org/W2010205010","https://openalex.org/W2073700113","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113158626","https://openalex.org/W2113952909","https://openalex.org/W2135407913","https://openalex.org/W2139280266","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2200124539","https://openalex.org/W2485609644","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2769780651","https://openalex.org/W2785369415","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2951336016","https://openalex.org/W2963024893","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W2964176059","https://openalex.org/W2998732502","https://openalex.org/W3010460094","https://openalex.org/W3010932008","https://openalex.org/W3015271406","https://openalex.org/W3037590790","https://openalex.org/W3090581962","https://openalex.org/W3101788429","https://openalex.org/W3113187915","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3126970610","https://openalex.org/W3129183232","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W3141650351","https://openalex.org/W3157094484","https://openalex.org/W3163974534","https://openalex.org/W3170790694","https://openalex.org/W3184670950","https://openalex.org/W3186752081","https://openalex.org/W3215997358","https://openalex.org/W4236706032","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6743806954","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082178636","https://openalex.org/W2782041652","https://openalex.org/W2612657834","https://openalex.org/W2392157706","https://openalex.org/W2599192953","https://openalex.org/W1987310671","https://openalex.org/W2952088488","https://openalex.org/W1521968289","https://openalex.org/W4225691210","https://openalex.org/W2163814182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,140],"propose":[1,142],"MC-CIM,":[2],"a":[3,51,80,119,143,216],"compute-in-memory":[4],"(CIM)":[5],"framework":[6,205],"for":[7,31,72,86,193,242],"robust,":[8],"yet":[9],"low":[10,107],"power,":[11],"Bayesian":[12,48,57,77,94],"edge":[13,89],"intelligence.":[14],"Deep":[15],"neural":[16],"networks":[17],"(DNN)":[18],"with":[19,106,221],"deterministic":[20],"weights":[21],"cannot":[22],"express":[23],"their":[24],"prediction":[25,62,66,208],"uncertainties,":[26],"thereby":[27],"pose":[28],"critical":[29],"risks":[30],"applications":[32],"where":[33,148],"the":[34,61,65,111,115,138,154,158,166,175,186],"consequences":[35],"of":[36,50,79,114,146,185,201,246],"mispredictions":[37],"are":[38],"fatal":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"surgical":[42],"robotics.":[43],"To":[44],"address":[45],"this":[46],"limitation,":[47],"inference":[49,78,248],"DNN":[52,81,95],"has":[53,101],"gained":[54],"attention.":[55],"Using":[56],"inference,":[58],"not":[59],"only":[60],"itself,":[63],"but":[64],"confidence":[67,209],"can":[68,124,152,169],"also":[69,141],"be":[70,170],"extracted":[71],"planning":[73],"risk-aware":[74],"actions.":[75],"However,":[76],"is":[82,191],"computationally":[83],"expensive,":[84],"ill-suited":[85],"real-time":[87],"and/or":[88],"deployment.":[90],"An":[91],"approximation":[92],"to":[93,131,136,173,215,268],"using":[96],"Monte":[97],"Carlo":[98],"Dropout":[99],"(MC-Dropout)":[100],"shown":[102],"high":[103],"robustness":[104],"along":[105],"computational":[108,112],"complexity.":[109],"Enhancing":[110],"efficiency":[113],"method,":[116],"we":[117,163],"discuss":[118,164],"novel":[120],"CIM":[121],"module":[122],"that":[123],"perform":[125],"in-memory":[126,132],"probabilistic":[127,247],"dropout":[128],"in":[129,249],"addition":[130],"weight-input":[133],"scalar":[134],"product":[135],"support":[137],"method.":[139],"compute-reuse":[144],"reformulation":[145],"MC-Dropout":[147,177,189,244],"each":[149],"successive":[150],"instance":[151],"utilize":[153],"product-sum":[155],"computations":[156],"from":[157],"previous":[159],"iteration.":[160],"Even":[161],"more,":[162],"how":[165],"random":[167],"instances":[168,245],"optimally":[171],"ordered":[172],"minimize":[174],"overall":[176],"workload":[178],"by":[179,213],"exploiting":[180],"combinatorial":[181],"optimization":[182],"methods.":[183],"Application":[184],"proposed":[187],"CIM-based":[188],"execution":[190],"discussed":[192],"MNIST":[194],"character":[195],"recognition":[196],"and":[197,254],"visual":[198],"odometry":[199],"(VO)":[200],"autonomous":[202],"drones.":[203],"The":[204],"reliably":[206],"gives":[207],"amidst":[210],"non-idealities":[211],"imposed":[212],"MC-CIM":[214,220],"good":[217],"extent.":[218],"Proposed":[219],"<inline-formula":[222,258],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[223,259],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[224,260],"<tex-math":[225,261],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$16\\times":[226],"31$":[227],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[228,264],"SRAM":[229],"array,":[230],"0.85":[231],"V":[232],"supply,":[233],"16nm":[234],"low-standby":[235],"power":[236],"(LSTP)":[237],"technology":[238],"consumes":[239],"32":[240],"pJ":[241],"30":[243],"its":[250],"most":[251],"optimal":[252],"computing":[253],"peripheral":[255],"configuration,":[256],"saving":[257],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sim":[262],"34$":[263],"%":[265],"energy":[266],"compared":[267],"typical":[269],"execution.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}