{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312540172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","title":"Scalable Multi-Stage CMOS OTAs With a Wide C<sub>L</sub>-Drivability Range Using Low-Frequency Zeros","display_name":"Scalable Multi-Stage CMOS OTAs With a Wide C<sub>L</sub>-Drivability Range Using Low-Frequency Zeros","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312540172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10025563/09935569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10025563/09935569.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056716766","display_name":"Mahmood A. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood A. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Integrated Microsystems Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-6615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Integrated Microsystems Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083312864","display_name":"Gordon W. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon W. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Integrated Microsystems Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Integrated Microsystems Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69616524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"74","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5337031483650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5230960845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4232000708580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38754498958587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.335180401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33142101764678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3225110173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2021501362323761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5337031483650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5230960845947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4232000708580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38754498958587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.335180401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33142101764678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3225110173225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2021501362323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10025563/09935569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3216201","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8919/10025563/09935569.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312540172.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312540172.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494660296","https://openalex.org/W1673818769","https://openalex.org/W1850710275","https://openalex.org/W1950735355","https://openalex.org/W1998284495","https://openalex.org/W2004391179","https://openalex.org/W2020763844","https://openalex.org/W2034720635","https://openalex.org/W2056587553","https://openalex.org/W2066794884","https://openalex.org/W2096710250","https://openalex.org/W2107697793","https://openalex.org/W2108081673","https://openalex.org/W2110171809","https://openalex.org/W2127205328","https://openalex.org/W2146744785","https://openalex.org/W2154237706","https://openalex.org/W2163227093","https://openalex.org/W2166682505","https://openalex.org/W2167225414","https://openalex.org/W2343244569","https://openalex.org/W2513579149","https://openalex.org/W2527626965","https://openalex.org/W2551453206","https://openalex.org/W2559152050","https://openalex.org/W2757448394","https://openalex.org/W2773134638","https://openalex.org/W2803950919","https://openalex.org/W3011653750","https://openalex.org/W3011936957","https://openalex.org/W3026476728","https://openalex.org/W3158719468","https://openalex.org/W3158881598","https://openalex.org/W3197367315","https://openalex.org/W3203011645","https://openalex.org/W3208014417"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W4386230336","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,215],"work":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,46,66,118,125,159,166,190,197,217,252],"multi-stage":[4],"CMOS":[5,92,105],"OTA":[6,62,115,156,187],"design":[7,44,85],"technique":[8,50],"that":[9,52,112],"allows":[10],"cascading":[11],"identical":[12],"gain":[13,120,161,192],"stages":[14],"(for":[15],"arbitrarily":[16],"scalable":[17],"high":[18],"DC":[19,119,160,191],"gain)":[20],"while":[21],"driving":[22],"an":[23],"ultra-wide":[24],"range":[25,254],"of":[26,41,121,145,162,175,193,206,255],"capacitive":[27],"loads":[28],"(":[29],"<inline-formula":[30,126,136,146,167,176,198,207,226,238],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[31,127,137,147,168,177,199,208,227,239],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[32,128,138,148,169,178,200,209,228,240],"<tex-math":[33,129,139,149,170,179,201,210,229,241],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{C}_{\\text":[34,130,140,171,202,230],"{L}}\\text{s}$":[35],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[36,132,143,152,173,182,204,213,232,244],").":[37],"At":[38],"the":[39,42,60,108,113,154,185,221,224,247],"heart":[40],"proposed":[43,61,95,248],"is":[45,116,157,188,216,237],"new":[47],"frequency":[48],"compensation":[49],"(FCT)":[51],"relies":[53],"on":[54],"low-frequency":[55],"left-half-plane":[56],"zeros":[57],"to":[58,63,84,235],"allow":[59],"operate":[64],"for":[65],"desired":[67],"closed-loop":[68],"behavior.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"work,":[72],"classical":[73],"gain-stages":[74],"(i.e.,":[75,135],"differential":[76],"pair":[77],"and":[78,90,107,184],"common":[79],"source":[80],"transistors)":[81],"are":[82],"used":[83],"fully-differential":[86],"2-,":[87],"3-,":[88],"4-":[89],"5-stage":[91],"OTAs.":[93],"The":[94],"2-to-4-stage":[96],"designs":[97],"have":[98],"been":[99],"fabricated":[100],"in":[101,220],"TSMC":[102],"65":[103],"nm":[104],"process":[106],"measurement":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"2-stage":[114],"achieving":[117,158,189],"50":[122],"dB":[123,164,195],"with":[124,165,196],"{L}}$":[131,172,203,231],"-drivability":[133,174,205,233],"ratio":[134],"{L,max}}/\\text{C}_{\\text":[141],"{L,min}}$":[142],")":[144],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$10,000\\times":[150],"$":[151,181,212,243],",":[153,183],"3-stage":[155],"70":[163],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1,000,000\\times":[180,211],"4-stage":[186],"90":[194],".":[214,245],"10-to-1000-time":[218],"improvement":[219],"state-of-the-art,":[222],"as":[223],"highest":[225],"reported":[234,260],"date":[236],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1000\\times":[242],"Accordingly,":[246],"OTAs":[249],"can":[250],"cover":[251],"wider":[253],"applications":[256],"than":[257],"any":[258],"other":[259],"works.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
