{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300833482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918","title":"Efficient Discrete Temporal Coding Spike-Driven In-Memory Computing Macro for Deep Neural Network Based on Nonvolatile Memory","display_name":"Efficient Discrete Temporal Coding Spike-Driven In-Memory Computing Macro for Deep Neural Network Based on Nonvolatile Memory","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300833482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102941473","display_name":"Lixia Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-1564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixia Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4721-1564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089747900","display_name":"Peng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3280-0099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101604324","display_name":"Yijiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-2231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Fert Beijing Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-2231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Fert Beijing Institute, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670530","display_name":"Zheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-7172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643388","display_name":"Yizhou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-7053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324668","display_name":"Xiaoyan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8018-651X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010857702","display_name":"Jinfeng Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-0423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6286-0423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0436,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74011913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"11","first_page":"4487","last_page":"4498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7690469026565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5089766979217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.49199244379997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.46775054931640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.45090192556381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4306023120880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4300187826156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34463274478912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32371199131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18595945835113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11656677722930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10036525130271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07836034893989563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7690469026565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5089766979217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.49199244379997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.46775054931640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.45090192556381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4306023120880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4300187826156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34463274478912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32371199131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18595945835113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11656677722930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10036525130271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07836034893989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3194918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1626660531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1680790843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92064001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5962490683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B 18001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6245636685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB2205100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7664979664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G927165947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993163906","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2060561757","https://openalex.org/W2115831804","https://openalex.org/W2254450385","https://openalex.org/W2288519604","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2419597278","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2594492285","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2612375349","https://openalex.org/W2778345336","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2801055138","https://openalex.org/W2897004326","https://openalex.org/W2898994846","https://openalex.org/W2904620099","https://openalex.org/W2909180686","https://openalex.org/W2942077180","https://openalex.org/W2948661249","https://openalex.org/W2964810732","https://openalex.org/W2966305769","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3005589975","https://openalex.org/W3005874416","https://openalex.org/W3006378766","https://openalex.org/W3006575968","https://openalex.org/W3015980402","https://openalex.org/W3015982917","https://openalex.org/W3022517736","https://openalex.org/W3036372735","https://openalex.org/W3092055689","https://openalex.org/W3092108775","https://openalex.org/W3101272433","https://openalex.org/W3134195144","https://openalex.org/W3134969156","https://openalex.org/W3136522402","https://openalex.org/W3137364206","https://openalex.org/W3158113062","https://openalex.org/W3168549773","https://openalex.org/W3172819050","https://openalex.org/W3207552913","https://openalex.org/W3215634441","https://openalex.org/W4200040142","https://openalex.org/W6717177883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030816003","https://openalex.org/W4239992647","https://openalex.org/W2150013480","https://openalex.org/W1554458299","https://openalex.org/W2076325756","https://openalex.org/W81423522","https://openalex.org/W1509860481","https://openalex.org/W2488264085","https://openalex.org/W4386206750","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonvolatile":[0],"memory":[1,13],"(NVM)":[2],"based":[3,111],"neural":[4,109,129],"network":[5,130],"can":[6,49],"directly":[7],"perform":[8,102],"in":[9,12],"situ":[10],"computation":[11],"to":[14,101,126,134,166],"significantly":[15],"reduce":[16],"energy":[17,26,52,65,176],"consumption":[18,27],"resulting":[19],"from":[20],"the":[21,25,29,34,37,51,56,59,69,103,118,121,128,135,138,149,157,171],"data":[22],"movement.":[23],"However,":[24],"by":[28,145],"analog-to-digital":[30],"converter":[31],"(ADC)":[32],"restricts":[33],"efficiency":[35,53,177],"of":[36,71,107,120,137],"mixed-signal":[38],"in-memory":[39,46,84,123],"computing":[40,47,85,124],"macro.":[41],"The":[42],"rate":[43],"coding":[44,70,82,89,151,184],"spike-driven":[45,83],"macro":[48,125,173],"increase":[50],"via":[54],"eliminating":[55],"ADC,":[57],"but":[58],"improvement":[60],"is":[61,66],"limited":[62],"because":[63],"substantial":[64],"consumed":[67],"for":[68,181],"multiple":[72],"spikes.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"work,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"a":[79],"discrete":[80],"temporal":[81,150,183],"macro,":[86],"including":[87],"input":[88],"scheme,":[90],"weight":[91],"mapping":[92],"method,":[93],"and":[94,141,156,168,178],"improved":[95],"leaky":[96],"integrate-and-fire":[97],"(LIF)":[98],"neuron":[99,140],"circuit,":[100],"efficient":[104],"forward":[105],"inference":[106],"deep":[108],"networks":[110],"on":[112],"NVM":[113],"array.":[114],"We":[115],"then":[116],"optimize":[117],"designment":[119],"proposed":[122,172],"mitigate":[127],"accuracy":[131],"loss":[132],"due":[133],"nonlinearity":[136],"LIF":[139],"voltage":[142],"drop":[143],"caused":[144],"interconnect":[146],"resistance.":[147],"Because":[148],"scheme":[152],"reduces":[153],"spike":[154],"numbers":[155],"improved-LIF":[158],"circuit":[159],"simultaneously":[160],"integrates":[161],"two":[162],"bit-lines":[163],"current":[164],"corresponding":[165],"positive":[167],"negative":[169],"weight,":[170],"achieves":[174],"46.63TOPS/W":[175],"1.92TOPS":[179],"throughput":[180],"3bit":[182],"precision.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
