{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286655953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041","title":"Miniaturization of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance System: Architecture and Design Considerations of Transceiver Integrated Circuits","display_name":"Miniaturization of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance System: Architecture and Design Considerations of Transceiver Integrated Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286655953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058462778","display_name":"Shuhao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-666X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuhao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025768862","display_name":"Qi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-7953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023988341","display_name":"Ka\u2010Meng Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-971X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Meng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058462778"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87154136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"3049","last_page":"3060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11809","display_name":"Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.8342900276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectronics","display_name":"Microelectronics","score":0.7126848697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.618696928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5077139139175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.49071037769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4543364644050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4439987242221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3977506160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.39546701312065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3521173596382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33281275629997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.33198443055152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.300359845161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2589089274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2060873806476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.127566397190094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.8342900276184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.7126848697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.618696928024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5077139139175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.49071037769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4543364644050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4439987242221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3977506160736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39546701312065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3521173596382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33281275629997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.33198443055152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.300359845161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2589089274406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2060873806476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.127566397190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3187041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4894130269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0071/2020/A2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6360961283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKL-AMSV(UM)-2020\u20132022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1846712902","https://openalex.org/W1963615759","https://openalex.org/W1967833188","https://openalex.org/W1999393785","https://openalex.org/W2001521807","https://openalex.org/W2014853614","https://openalex.org/W2017322933","https://openalex.org/W2020435705","https://openalex.org/W2025915281","https://openalex.org/W2027459721","https://openalex.org/W2033356048","https://openalex.org/W2038443932","https://openalex.org/W2040079977","https://openalex.org/W2045827643","https://openalex.org/W2066168480","https://openalex.org/W2077260524","https://openalex.org/W2097311800","https://openalex.org/W2120390535","https://openalex.org/W2123063040","https://openalex.org/W2123644726","https://openalex.org/W2147307785","https://openalex.org/W2168450569","https://openalex.org/W2171505017","https://openalex.org/W2290585096","https://openalex.org/W2291846858","https://openalex.org/W2343685264","https://openalex.org/W2373696722","https://openalex.org/W2567693621","https://openalex.org/W2620662830","https://openalex.org/W2747615680","https://openalex.org/W2907897041","https://openalex.org/W2917366552","https://openalex.org/W2923650093","https://openalex.org/W2961722276","https://openalex.org/W2989677634","https://openalex.org/W2997842067","https://openalex.org/W3000359713","https://openalex.org/W3017822904","https://openalex.org/W3035406984","https://openalex.org/W3048695807","https://openalex.org/W3089796789","https://openalex.org/W3091608953","https://openalex.org/W3118194452","https://openalex.org/W3119412753","https://openalex.org/W3198828279","https://openalex.org/W3209419560","https://openalex.org/W3212859555","https://openalex.org/W3217530030","https://openalex.org/W4200413718","https://openalex.org/W4210495352","https://openalex.org/W4221035306","https://openalex.org/W4230713808","https://openalex.org/W4234608342","https://openalex.org/W4280586199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249165909","https://openalex.org/W2113805088","https://openalex.org/W2117255793","https://openalex.org/W3188388194","https://openalex.org/W4244023365","https://openalex.org/W2907027985","https://openalex.org/W4390195751","https://openalex.org/W4311591647","https://openalex.org/W1995409306","https://openalex.org/W3211085399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Being":[0],"an":[1],"indispensable":[2],"technique":[3],"in":[4,57,113],"the":[5,19,25,32,44,55,90,95,100,107,115,119,125],"standard":[6],"laboratory,":[7],"Nuclear":[8],"Magnetic":[9],"Resonance":[10],"(NMR)":[11],"is":[12],"a":[13],"versatile":[14],"method":[15],"to":[16,67],"non-invasively":[17],"observe":[18],"atomic":[20],"and":[21,34,48,74,98,121],"molecular":[22],"information":[23],"of":[24,118,127],"samples":[26],"containing":[27],"non-zero":[28],"spin":[29],"nuclei.":[30],"Yet,":[31],"bulky":[33],"costly":[35],"hardware":[36,91],"for":[37,46,92],"NMR":[38,59,85,93],"impedes":[39],"their":[40],"broad":[41],"distributions":[42],"outside":[43],"laboratory":[45],"on-demand":[47],"on-line":[49],"usage.":[50],"In":[51],"recent":[52],"years,":[53],"with":[54,62,71],"advance":[56],"microelectronics,":[58],"systems":[60],"equipped":[61],"customized":[63],"silicon":[64],"chips":[65],"emerged":[66],"achieve":[68],"system":[69],"miniaturization":[70],"performance":[72],"enhancement,":[73],"pioneer":[75],"novel":[76],"applications":[77],"that":[78,123],"were":[79],"not":[80],"feasible":[81],"before":[82],"using":[83,103],"discrete":[84],"electronics.":[86],"This":[87],"article":[88],"overviews":[89],"from":[94],"system-level":[96],"perspective,":[97],"examines":[99],"latest":[101],"developments":[102],"integrated":[104],"circuits":[105],"over":[106],"past":[108],"decade.":[109],"Also,":[110],"we":[111],"present":[112],"detail":[114],"design":[116],"considerations":[117],"transmitter":[120],"receiver":[122],"are":[124],"cornerstone":[126],"micro-NMR":[128],"systems.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}