{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285264892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283","title":"Novel Design Space of Broadband High-Efficiency Parallel-Circuit Class-EF Power Amplifiers","display_name":"Novel Design Space of Broadband High-Efficiency Parallel-Circuit Class-EF Power Amplifiers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285264892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007965793","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3719-7508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001154000","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766414","display_name":"Wenhua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086339362","display_name":"Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6788-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRadio Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRadio Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007965793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89362821,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"3465","last_page":"3475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7366968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chebyshev-filter","display_name":"Chebyshev filter","score":0.6517499685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.6047540903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.5803604125976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.4424412250518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.43036267161369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3992758095264435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3930748701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.37959060072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35758572816848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3529038429260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22811603546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.223990797996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10646829009056091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7366968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21424316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718621","display_name":"Chebyshev filter","level":2,"score":0.6517499685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.6047540903091431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5803604125976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.4424412250518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.43036267161369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3992758095264435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3930748701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.37959060072898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35758572816848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3529038429260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22811603546142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.223990797996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10646829009056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3544358675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2022WD01007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165640775","https://openalex.org/W1972827691","https://openalex.org/W1989598977","https://openalex.org/W2009341850","https://openalex.org/W2025134530","https://openalex.org/W2025384553","https://openalex.org/W2037755118","https://openalex.org/W2048446600","https://openalex.org/W2066492278","https://openalex.org/W2089072925","https://openalex.org/W2089543336","https://openalex.org/W2119207099","https://openalex.org/W2126901545","https://openalex.org/W2128393550","https://openalex.org/W2145535111","https://openalex.org/W2147798620","https://openalex.org/W2165546403","https://openalex.org/W2165911997","https://openalex.org/W2248612528","https://openalex.org/W2288916518","https://openalex.org/W2328194623","https://openalex.org/W2418196418","https://openalex.org/W2472376007","https://openalex.org/W2508478380","https://openalex.org/W2558920874","https://openalex.org/W2593932600","https://openalex.org/W2605089441","https://openalex.org/W2789795119","https://openalex.org/W2887769013","https://openalex.org/W2910883813","https://openalex.org/W2943817078","https://openalex.org/W2955483731","https://openalex.org/W2958109855","https://openalex.org/W2978453761","https://openalex.org/W2998766480","https://openalex.org/W3021644385","https://openalex.org/W3022160003","https://openalex.org/W3022806892","https://openalex.org/W3044530810","https://openalex.org/W3097848537","https://openalex.org/W3136644596","https://openalex.org/W3189096484","https://openalex.org/W4248288458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532810475","https://openalex.org/W4390729576","https://openalex.org/W1986136028","https://openalex.org/W1943995216","https://openalex.org/W2171730916","https://openalex.org/W2370517014","https://openalex.org/W2162684047","https://openalex.org/W2039242888","https://openalex.org/W2098291540","https://openalex.org/W2598293455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14,23,63,67,84],"broadband":[4,56,86],"high-efficiency":[5,85],"parallel-circuit":[6],"(PC)":[7],"class-EF":[8],"power":[9,101,116],"amplifier":[10],"(PA)":[11],"along":[12],"with":[13,71,92],"quarter-wavelength":[15],"stub":[16],"for":[17],"the":[18,33,40,44,55,59,72,93,98,115],"first":[19],"time.":[20],"By":[21],"adding":[22],"reactive":[24],"element":[25],"<inline-formula":[26,103],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[27,104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[28,105],"<tex-math":[29,106],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${X}$":[30],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[31,109],",":[32],"design":[34],"space":[35],"is":[36,77],"expanded":[37],"so":[38],"that":[39],"impedance":[41,74],"terminations":[42],"of":[43,58,96,111,118],"fundamental":[45],"and":[46,79,114],"harmonics":[47],"are":[48],"no":[49],"longer":[50],"fixed":[51],"points.":[52],"Based":[53],"on":[54],"capability":[57],"proposed":[60],"structure,":[61],"using":[62],"GaN":[64],"HEMT":[65],"transistor,":[66],"proof-of-concept":[68],"circuit":[69],"implemented":[70],"Chebyshev":[73],"transformation":[75],"network":[76],"designed":[78],"fabricated.":[80],"Experimental":[81],"results":[82],"demonstrate":[83],"PA":[87],"operating":[88],"from":[89],"2.6-3.9":[90],"GHz,":[91],"average":[94],"efficiency":[95],"71.5%,":[97],"measured":[99],"output":[100],"(":[102],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${P}_{\\textit":[107],"{out}}$":[108],")":[110],"38.8-40.9":[112],"dBm":[113],"gain":[117],"8.5-10.6":[119],"dB.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
