{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285283130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111","title":"Analysis of Injection-Locked Ring Oscillators for Quadrature Clock Generation in Wireline or Optical Transceivers","display_name":"Analysis of Injection-Locked Ring Oscillators for Quadrature Clock Generation in Wireline or Optical Transceivers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285283130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017424419","display_name":"Yudong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7280-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yudong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023389350","display_name":"Zhaowen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-850X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaowen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049341354","display_name":"Peter R. Kinget","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Kinget","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017424419"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63228397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"3074","last_page":"3082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireline","display_name":"Wireline","score":0.8843468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6703914403915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6019694805145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5793541669845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"Injection locking","score":0.534267008304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5111976265907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.49501460790634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.4588108956813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4518135190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4222594201564789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34871986508369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34687483310699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20279371738433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.15811428427696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13448107242584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12307476997375488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776951270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026910","display_name":"Wireline","level":3,"score":0.8843468427658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6703914403915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6019694805145264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5793541669845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101476363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798800","display_name":"Injection locking","level":3,"score":0.534267008304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5111976265907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.49501460790634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4588108956813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4518135190010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4222594201564789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34871986508369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34687483310699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20279371738433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.15811428427696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13448107242584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12307476997375488}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3175111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8980281145","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE- AR0000843","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932346736","https://openalex.org/W1964621232","https://openalex.org/W1982606279","https://openalex.org/W1987712409","https://openalex.org/W1989095672","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2032892385","https://openalex.org/W2051547299","https://openalex.org/W2089688900","https://openalex.org/W2103745509","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2106687953","https://openalex.org/W2108324407","https://openalex.org/W2118035421","https://openalex.org/W2119440008","https://openalex.org/W2120377810","https://openalex.org/W2125188992","https://openalex.org/W2138652368","https://openalex.org/W2148082913","https://openalex.org/W2163007940","https://openalex.org/W2164270639","https://openalex.org/W2172477025","https://openalex.org/W2492487826","https://openalex.org/W2501359309","https://openalex.org/W2624563526","https://openalex.org/W2768084090","https://openalex.org/W2790721690","https://openalex.org/W2790961995","https://openalex.org/W2885320886","https://openalex.org/W3135290830","https://openalex.org/W3140513574","https://openalex.org/W3150693925","https://openalex.org/W3214185915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368190399","https://openalex.org/W4200241224","https://openalex.org/W2374510365","https://openalex.org/W1964703610","https://openalex.org/W2759444425","https://openalex.org/W2085787479","https://openalex.org/W4246159570","https://openalex.org/W2381888053","https://openalex.org/W2356623904","https://openalex.org/W3145704239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Injection-locked":[0],"ring":[1,80],"oscillators":[2,81],"(ILROs)":[3],"are":[4,88],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7,64],"quadrature":[8],"clock":[9],"generators":[10],"(QCG)":[11],"in":[12,41,46,73],"multi-lane":[13],"wireline":[14],"or":[15],"optical":[16],"transceivers":[17],"because":[18],"of":[19,79],"their":[20],"low":[21,23],"power,":[22],"area,":[24],"and":[25,43,50,85,90],"technology":[26],"scalability.":[27],"However,":[28],"locking":[29],"a":[30,35,57],"four-stage":[31],"I/Q":[32,47],"oscillator":[33],"with":[34,61,70,82],"two-phase":[36],"injection":[37,84],"signal":[38],"generates":[39],"imbalances":[40],"amplitude":[42,62],"phase,":[44],"resulting":[45],"phase":[48],"errors":[49],"degraded":[51],"jitter":[52],"performance.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"modified":[58],"frequency-domain":[59],"analysis":[60],"constraint":[63],"even-phase":[65],"ILROs.":[66],"Combining":[67],"theoretical":[68],"derivations":[69],"simulation":[71],"results":[72],"28nm":[74],"CMOS":[75],"technology,":[76],"the":[77],"behaviors":[78],"partial":[83],"ILRO-based":[86],"QCG":[87],"discussed":[89],"concluded.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
