{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285271675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176","title":"Quantum Tunneling Based Ultra-Compact and Energy Efficient Spiking Neuron Enables Hardware SNN","display_name":"Quantum Tunneling Based Ultra-Compact and Energy Efficient Spiking Neuron Enables Hardware SNN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285271675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020922589","display_name":"Ajay Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-1340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004348148","display_name":"Vivek Saraswat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-1632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Saraswat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-1632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029767607","display_name":"Maryam Shojaei Baghini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-3736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Shojaei Baghini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-3736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073593093","display_name":"Udayan Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-5993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udayan Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-5993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89893604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"8","first_page":"3212","last_page":"3224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5694741606712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5473946332931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5318412780761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neuron-model","display_name":"Biological neuron model","score":0.4412546753883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3612670302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3468503952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1584516167640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1446009874343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11405369639396667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5694741606712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5473946332931519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5318412780761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186565885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651163","display_name":"Biological neuron model","level":3,"score":0.4412546753883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3612670302391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3468503952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1584516167640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1446009874343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11405369639396667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3172176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318301","display_name":"GlobalFoundries","ror":"https://ror.org/02h0ps145"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480485976","https://openalex.org/W1484977481","https://openalex.org/W1540454497","https://openalex.org/W1599105596","https://openalex.org/W1974079498","https://openalex.org/W1975072631","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1986964674","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2033147674","https://openalex.org/W2067709814","https://openalex.org/W2093320793","https://openalex.org/W2098328927","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2105580042","https://openalex.org/W2109596721","https://openalex.org/W2116756579","https://openalex.org/W2132563832","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2142400900","https://openalex.org/W2156640153","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2311366534","https://openalex.org/W2389556795","https://openalex.org/W2468443503","https://openalex.org/W2508829650","https://openalex.org/W2581868955","https://openalex.org/W2596998695","https://openalex.org/W2735082192","https://openalex.org/W2736237086","https://openalex.org/W2761548944","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2808133870","https://openalex.org/W2892839088","https://openalex.org/W2901937441","https://openalex.org/W2962684728","https://openalex.org/W2968715446","https://openalex.org/W2978500214","https://openalex.org/W2978865499","https://openalex.org/W2996379674","https://openalex.org/W3022632370","https://openalex.org/W3089555400","https://openalex.org/W3105230099","https://openalex.org/W3145277244","https://openalex.org/W3174233901","https://openalex.org/W3200353077","https://openalex.org/W3201870057","https://openalex.org/W3216581365","https://openalex.org/W4320013820","https://openalex.org/W6797438279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023492997","https://openalex.org/W2013860114","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331","https://openalex.org/W2984834157","https://openalex.org/W2906832317","https://openalex.org/W3158152643","https://openalex.org/W2996874253","https://openalex.org/W4380324631","https://openalex.org/W3212279325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-power":[0],"and":[1,24,58,84,161,170],"low-area":[2],"neurons":[3,115],"are":[4,27],"essential":[5],"for":[6,43],"hardware":[7,49],"implementation":[8,37,50],"of":[9,38,51,91,138],"large-scale":[10],"SNNs.":[11],"Various":[12],"novel-physics-based":[13],"leaky-integrate-and-fire":[14],"(LIF)":[15],"neuron":[16,80,94,99],"architectures":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"proposed":[20,55,93,140],"with":[21,30,95],"low":[22],"power":[23,85,165],"area,":[25],"but":[26],"not":[28],"compatible":[29],"CMOS":[31],"technology":[32],"to":[33,76,100,124],"enable":[34,125],"brain":[35,177],"scale":[36,178],"SNN.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"the":[44,89,92,96,113,131,136,139],"first":[45],"time,":[46],"we":[47],"demonstrate":[48,101],"recurrent":[52,144],"SNN":[53,145],"using":[54],"low-power,":[56],"low-area,":[57],"low-leakage":[59],"band-to-band-tunneling":[60],"(BTBT)":[61],"based":[62],"neurons.":[63],"A":[64],"low-power":[65],"thresholding":[66],"circuit":[67],"is":[68,146],"proposed.":[69],"We":[70,87,152],"further":[71],"propose":[72],"a":[73,78,108,126,142,158,167],"predistortion":[74],"technique":[75],"linearize":[77],"nonlinear":[79],"without":[81,129],"any":[82],"area":[83,160,169],"overhead.":[86],"establish":[88],"equivalence":[90],"ideal":[97],"LIF":[98],"its":[102],"versatility.":[103],"The":[104],"tunneling":[105],"regime":[106],"enables":[107,176],"high":[109],"input":[110,128],"impedance":[111],"in":[112,148],"BTBT":[114],"(few":[116],"<inline-formula":[117],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[119],"<tex-math":[120],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{G}\\Omega$":[121],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[122],")":[123],"voltage":[127],"loading":[130],"synaptic":[132],"array.":[133],"To":[134],"verify":[135],"effect":[137],"neuron,":[141],"36-neuron":[143],"fabricated":[147],"GF-45nm":[149],"PDSOI":[150],"technology.":[151],"achieved":[153],"5000x":[154],"lower":[155,163],"energy-per-spike":[156],"at":[157,166],"similar":[159,168],"10x":[162],"standby":[164],"energy-per-spike.":[171],"Such":[172],"overall":[173],"performance":[174],"improvement":[175],"computing.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
