{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226067359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170","title":"Quality Driven Systematic Approximation for Binary-Weight Neural Network Deployment","display_name":"Quality Driven Systematic Approximation for Binary-Weight Neural Network Deployment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226067359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030893320","display_name":"Yu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079498326","display_name":"Hao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016754985","display_name":"Haige Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4205-7737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haige Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059091695","display_name":"Wei Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-9193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040139371","display_name":"Hao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670065","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-2252"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Prochip Electronic Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Prochip Electronic Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101499715","display_name":"Longxing Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-7154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461621","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030893320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7048204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"2928","last_page":"2940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7164137363433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6935439109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5061103701591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.49244651198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.41631317138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.41096335649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4009559750556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3295134902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1628199815750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1516830027103424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7164137363433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6935439109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5061103701591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.49244651198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.41631317138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.41096335649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4009559750556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3295134902000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1628199815750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1516830027103424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3164170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6250009899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2202102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496057122","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2035378788","https://openalex.org/W2062164080","https://openalex.org/W2065279383","https://openalex.org/W2082279372","https://openalex.org/W2094810333","https://openalex.org/W2126044301","https://openalex.org/W2129394555","https://openalex.org/W2129450987","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2515531880","https://openalex.org/W2549938091","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2593197369","https://openalex.org/W2626784759","https://openalex.org/W2626986277","https://openalex.org/W2773339846","https://openalex.org/W2790285612","https://openalex.org/W2798414599","https://openalex.org/W2883936631","https://openalex.org/W2884983013","https://openalex.org/W2891911973","https://openalex.org/W2898867055","https://openalex.org/W2899441512","https://openalex.org/W2906663849","https://openalex.org/W2908518198","https://openalex.org/W2963145956","https://openalex.org/W2966841637","https://openalex.org/W2979872424","https://openalex.org/W2980235527","https://openalex.org/W2995547768","https://openalex.org/W2999172512","https://openalex.org/W3005319366","https://openalex.org/W3008730548","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3020476647","https://openalex.org/W3034039317","https://openalex.org/W3048414096","https://openalex.org/W3146960355","https://openalex.org/W3186693607","https://openalex.org/W3212935296","https://openalex.org/W4240232362","https://openalex.org/W6634717524","https://openalex.org/W6705225997","https://openalex.org/W6775940834","https://openalex.org/W6787028673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W4385352507","https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W84309476","https://openalex.org/W4389912005","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W2386245264","https://openalex.org/W2388033618","https://openalex.org/W2378448517","https://openalex.org/W2017737780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"(NNs)":[2],"with":[3,85,123,137,155],"large":[4],"scales":[5],"of":[6,63,103],"artificial":[7],"neurons":[8],"are":[9,57,68,73],"increasingly":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,61,188],"recognition":[13,204],"and":[14,24,66,92,108,191],"classification":[15],"tasks.":[16],"In":[17,34],"power-constrained":[18],"scenarios,":[19],"the":[20,53,64,81,100,114,159,174,178],"tradeoff":[21],"between":[22],"performance":[23],"hardware":[25],"consumptions":[26],"must":[27],"be":[28],"carefully":[29],"evaluated":[30],"before":[31],"silicon":[32],"tape-out.":[33],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"proposed":[38,97,133,179],"a":[39,86,90,119,138],"systematic":[40],"approach":[41,84,95],"to":[42,59,75,80,112,173],"design":[43,94],"ultra-low":[44,146],"power":[45,147,189],"NN":[46,148,181],"system.":[47],"This":[48],"work":[49,134],"is":[50,96,110,130,135,153],"motivated":[51],"by":[52,98],"facts":[54],"that":[55],"NNs":[56,67,129],"resilient":[58],"approximation":[60,125],"many":[62],"computations":[65],"outputting":[69],"statistical":[70],"tensors":[71],"which":[72],"acceptable":[74],"less-than-perfect":[76],"results.":[77],"We":[78],"resort":[79],"front-back":[82],"end":[83],"twofold":[87],"aim:":[88],"(1)":[89],"fast":[91],"accurate":[93],"estimating":[99],"computing":[101],"quality":[102,120],"low-power":[104],"approximate":[105,180],"adder":[106],"arrays,":[107],"it":[109],"adopted":[111],"evaluate":[113],"neural":[115],"network":[116],"system;":[117],"(2)":[118],"configurable":[121],"engine":[122,182],"different":[124],"degrees":[126],"while":[127,201],"processing":[128],"implemented.":[131],"The":[132,150],"demonstrated":[136],"comprehensive":[139],"keyword":[140],"spotting":[141],"(KWS)":[142],"system":[143],"as":[144],"an":[145,166],"engine.":[149],"experimental":[151],"environment":[152],"setup":[154],"ten":[156],"keywords":[157],"from":[158],"google":[160],"speech":[161],"command":[162],"dataset":[163],"(GSCD)":[164],"using":[165],"industrial":[167],"22-nm":[168],"ultra-low-leakage":[169],"(ULL)":[170],"process.":[171],"Comparing":[172],"state-of-the-art":[175],"KWS":[176],"processors,":[177],"can":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"over":[185],"60%":[186],"improvement":[187],"efficiency":[190,200],"<inline-formula":[192],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[194],"<tex-math":[195],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.1\\times":[196],"$":[197],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[198],"area":[199],"achieving":[202],"similar":[203],"accuracy.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
