{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205421136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229","title":"A Two-Level Energy Management Strategy for Multi-Microgrid Systems With Interval Prediction and Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"A Two-Level Energy Management Strategy for Multi-Microgrid Systems With Interval Prediction and Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205421136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008797965","display_name":"Luolin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0142-7933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luolin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028570509","display_name":"Yang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070291406","display_name":"Shuai Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-3456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021002614","display_name":"Hangyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058006896","display_name":"Ke Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112415925","display_name":"Zhaoyang Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603023","display_name":"Feng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-332X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008797965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98167514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"1788","last_page":"1799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7892985343933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7833282947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6775244474411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5960832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-pricing","display_name":"Electricity pricing","score":0.5062043070793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.48683518171310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4828275144100189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.46598926186561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4570988416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4201250970363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.41936835646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3855178952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.28997257351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.22310087084770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2222100794315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20731881260871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1799945831298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11384156346321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10044193267822266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7892985343933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7833282947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6775244474411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5960832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870344","display_name":"Electricity pricing","level":4,"score":0.5062043070793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.48683518171310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4828275144100189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46598926186561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4570988416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4201250970363617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.41936835646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3855178952217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.28997257351875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.22310087084770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2222100794315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20731881260871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1799945831298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11384156346321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10044193267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3141229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116977442","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers","issn_l":"1549-8328","issn":["1549-8328","1558-0806"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1821983148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M-0066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326177","funder_display_name":"Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum f\u00fcr Wissenschaftsf\u00f6rderung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1929646414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216060045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FT200100369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3417169102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20XD1401300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","funder_display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6511873551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62136003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7080425269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8666526840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22178103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326177","display_name":"Chinesisch-Deutsche Zentrum f\u00fcr Wissenschaftsf\u00f6rderung","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny8r668"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335796","display_name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1191599655","https://openalex.org/W1963560203","https://openalex.org/W1964936916","https://openalex.org/W1976648571","https://openalex.org/W1991988935","https://openalex.org/W2003612044","https://openalex.org/W2019157375","https://openalex.org/W2093806266","https://openalex.org/W2109762852","https://openalex.org/W2127761430","https://openalex.org/W2171845477","https://openalex.org/W2287838237","https://openalex.org/W2330396711","https://openalex.org/W2342999823","https://openalex.org/W2343935207","https://openalex.org/W2404263528","https://openalex.org/W2482096862","https://openalex.org/W2496780187","https://openalex.org/W2510897014","https://openalex.org/W2626353087","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2754252319","https://openalex.org/W2763355544","https://openalex.org/W2885669798","https://openalex.org/W2914464394","https://openalex.org/W2952326029","https://openalex.org/W2953519245","https://openalex.org/W2960997853","https://openalex.org/W2963723202","https://openalex.org/W3032398409","https://openalex.org/W3034055718","https://openalex.org/W3092518314","https://openalex.org/W3097921942","https://openalex.org/W3098532584","https://openalex.org/W3099561736","https://openalex.org/W3119880450","https://openalex.org/W3188205635","https://openalex.org/W3196165833","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4246228166","https://openalex.org/W6627932998","https://openalex.org/W6638018090","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6778875248","https://openalex.org/W6788574077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2964937504","https://openalex.org/W2169268775","https://openalex.org/W2371966636","https://openalex.org/W2921791392","https://openalex.org/W2057315382","https://openalex.org/W3210550297","https://openalex.org/W2511810387","https://openalex.org/W3022291718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Setting":[0],"retail":[1,84],"electricity":[2,85],"prices":[3,86],"is":[4,52,77,121],"one":[5],"of":[6,13,24,29,130,168,187,193,201],"the":[7,22,27,37,69,72,96,128,131,137,163,166,185,199,202],"significant":[8],"strategies":[9],"for":[10,42,91,205],"energy":[11,31,101],"management":[12],"multi-microgrid":[14],"(MMG)":[15],"systems":[16],"integrated":[17],"with":[18,102,108,162],"renewable":[19,30,169],"energy.":[20],"Nevertheless,":[21],"need":[23],"privacy":[25,92],"preservation,":[26],"uncertainties":[28,167],"and":[32,58,113,155,172,183],"loads,":[33,115,174],"as":[34,36,79],"well":[35],"time-varying":[38,106],"scenarios,":[39],"bring":[40],"challenges":[41,164],"pricing":[43,50,188,206],"problems.":[44],"In":[45,66],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"a":[48,116,191],"two-level":[49],"framework":[51],"proposed":[53,203],"based":[54],"on":[55],"interval":[56,175],"predictions":[57,176],"model-free":[59],"reinforcement":[60,103,124],"learning":[61,125],"to":[62,94,126,151,160,179,197],"address":[63],"these":[64],"challenges.":[65],"particular,":[67],"at":[68,136],"higher":[70],"level,":[71,139],"distribution":[73],"system":[74],"operator":[75],"(DSO)":[76],"viewed":[78],"an":[80],"agent,":[81],"which":[82],"sets":[83],"without":[87],"detailed":[88],"user":[89,173],"information":[90],"protection":[93],"maximize":[95],"total":[97],"revenue":[98],"from":[99,165],"selling":[100],"learning.":[104],"For":[105],"scenarios":[107],"intermittent":[109],"photovoltaic":[110],"power":[111,147,157,170],"generation":[112,153,171],"diverse":[114],"differentiable":[117],"trust":[118],"region":[119],"layer":[120],"considered":[122],"in":[123,141,208],"improve":[127,184],"robustness":[129],"policy":[132],"updating":[133],"process.":[134],"While":[135],"lower":[138],"operators":[140],"microgrids":[142],"solve":[143],"three-phase":[144],"unbalanced":[145],"optimal":[146],"flow":[148],"(OPF)":[149],"problems":[150,207],"minimize":[152],"cost":[154],"network":[156],"loss.":[158],"Additionally,":[159],"deal":[161],"are":[177,195],"chosen":[178],"quantify":[180],"prediction":[181],"errors":[182],"flexibility":[186],"policies.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"set":[192],"experiments":[194],"conducted":[196],"validate":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"method":[204],"MMG":[209],"systems.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
